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It is simple for someone with DIY skills but will take a while to accomplish the first time. This procedure explains how to replace the Headlamp Units without removing the bumper cover.
1. Open hood and remove front Upper Shield. Held in-place by 6 plastic fasteners that are unscrewed partially and pulled.
2. Remove 2 Torque Screws holding the Grill, Air Deflector, and Bumper Cover in place.
3. Remove 2 Torque Screws (1 per side) mounting the fender Splash Guards to the bumper cover. (Screws located just below the bumper mounted turn-signals)
4. Pull out on Bumper Cover at the wheel wells. Bumper Cover is held-in-place by tabs, pull to remove. Keep watch on turn signal lamps, held-in-place by metal clips.
5. Remove top retaining clips for Bumper Cover, 2 per side.
6. Pull out on top portion of bumper cover till about 4 inches from headlamp units.
5. Remove 3 mounting bolts on each headlamp unit.
6. Rotate headlamp unit, lifting up on the "grill-side" to gain access to wiring.
7. Pull out on the RED TAB on the electrical connector. The connector will move as the Tab is pulled.
8. Remove headlamp assembly and replace with a new unit.
Recommend the Headlamps, bulbs, wiring, and ballast be inspected while the units are removed.
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What is the airport code for Cheraw Municipal Airport?
The airport code for Cheraw Municipal Airport is HCW.
What movie and television projects has Toby Klein been in?
Toby Klein has: Played himself in "HCW: Mandatory Suicide" in 2005. Played himself in "IWA Mid South: Point Proven" in 2007. Played himself in "CZW: Down with the Sickness 3" in 2007. Played himself in "CZW: Tournament of Death 6" in 2007. Played himself in "CZW: Restore the Order" in 2007. Played himself in "CZW: Dishonorable Conduct" in 2007. Played himself in "CZW: Choosing Sides" in 2007. Played himself in "CZW: Best of the Best 7" in 2007. Played himself in "CZW: Night of Infamy 6" in 2007. Played himself in "CZW: Cage of Death IX" in 2007. Played himself in "IWA Mid South: Double Death Tag Team Tournament 2008" in 2008. Played himself in "IWA Mid South: Gory Days 4 - Home Sweet Home" in 2008. Played himself in "IWA Mid South: April Blood Showers 2008" in 2008. Played himself in "IWA Mid South: 500th Show" in 2008. Played himself in "IWA Mid South: King of the Death Match 2008" in 2008. Played himself in "CZW: Down with the Sickness 4Ever" in 2008. Played himself in "IWA Mid South: Kings of the Crimson Mask" in 2008. Played himself in "DVLH: Destruction in Door County" in 2008. Played himself in "IWA Mid South: XII Anniversary" in 2008. Played himself in "DVLH: Destruction in Door County Television Commercial" in 2008. Played himself in "CZW: Best of 2007" in 2008. Played himself in "CZW: Total Havoc" in 2009. Played Himself - The Death Match Kings in "Chikara: 2009 King of Trios - Night 1" in 2009. Played himself in "Choose Death: The Necro Butcher Story Volume One" in 2009. Played himself in "CZW: Tournament of Death 8" in 2009. Played himself in "CZW: Eye for an Eye" in 2009. Played himself in "BCW: Brink of Death 3" in 2009.
What movie and television projects has Charles Renner been in?
Charles Renner has: Played himself in "WXW: Sportsfest" in 2005. Played himself in "WXW: Fall Fever" in 2005. Played himself in "HCW: Mandatory Suicide" in 2005. Played Devon Moore in "PWU Crazy 10" in 2005. Played himself in "3PW: Spring Cleaning" in 2005. Played himself in "PWU: Exit Sandman" in 2006. Played himself in "PWU: Jam Session 9" in 2006. Played himself in "PWS: Firestorm" in 2007. Played (2007) in "PWU Power Surge TV" in 2007. Played himself in "PWS: Refuse to Lose" in 2008. Played Devon Moore in "CZW: A Tangled Web" in 2008. Played Devon Moore in "IWA Mid South: 500th Show" in 2008. Played Devon Moore in "IWA Mid South: King of the Death Match 2008" in 2008. Played himself in "PWS: Majestic Mayhem" in 2008. Played Devon Moore in "CZW: Cage of Death X" in 2008. Played himself in "PWU: Dawn of a New Era" in 2008. Played himself in "PWU: Haunted" in 2008. Played Devon Moore in "IWA Mid South: Kings of the Crimson Mask" in 2008. Played Wrestler in "The Wrestler" in 2008. Played Devon Moore in "IWA Mid South: Double Death Tag Team Tournament 2008" in 2008. Played himself in "PWS: Brawl for Paul" in 2009. Played himself in "CZW: Open Book" in 2009. Played Devon Moore in "CZW: Best of the Best 9" in 2009. Played Devon Moore in "CZW: Down with the Sickness Forever" in 2009. Played Devon Moore in "CZW: Deja Vu 5" in 2010. Played Devon Moore in "CZW: Cage of Death XII" in 2010. Played Devon Moore in "CZW: A Tangled Web III" in 2010. Played himself in "JAPW: 12th Anniversary Show" in 2010. Played Devon Moore in "RCW Still Standing" in 2010. Played Devon Moore in "CZW: Walking on Pins and Needles" in 2010. Played himself in "PWS: Connecticut Carnage" in 2010. Played Devon Moore in "CZW: Tournament of Death 9" in 2010. Played Devon Moore in "CZW: Night of Infamy 9" in 2010. Played Devon Moore in "CZW Proving Grounds" in 2011. Played Devon Moore in "CZW International Incident" in 2011. Played Devon Moore in "CZW Best of the Best X" in 2011. Played Devon Moore in "CZW Tournament of Death X" in 2011. Played Devon Moore in "CZW: From Small Beginnings Comes Great Things" in 2011. Played Devon Moore in "CZW Cage of Death 13" in 2011. Played Devon Moore in "CZW Cerebral 2012" in 2012. Played Devon Moore in "CZW Tournament of Death XI" in 2012. Played Devon Moore in "CZW New Heights 2012" in 2012. Played Devon Moore in "CZW Super Saturday" in 2012. Played Devon Moore in "CZW Redemption" in 2012. Played Devon Moore in "CZW Down with the Sickness 8" in 2012. Played Devon Moore in "CZW Excellent Adventure" in 2012. Played Devon Moore in "CZW: Cage of Death XV" in 2013. Played Devon Moore in "CZW Tangled Web VI" in 2013. Played Devon Moore in "CZW Ascension" in 2013. Played Devon Moore in "CZW New Heights 2013" in 2013.
What is meant by desuperheating vapor?
Basic steam desuperheatingDesuperheating is the process by which superheated steam is restored to its saturated state, or the superheat temperature is reduced. Most desuperheaters used to restore the saturated state produce discharge temperatures approaching saturation (typically to within 3°C of the saturation temperature as a minimum).Designs for discharge temperatures in excess of 3°C above saturation are also possible and often used.There are basically two broad types of desuperheater:Indirect contact type - The medium used to cool the superheated steam does not come into direct contact with it. A cooler liquid or gas may be employed as the cooling medium, for example, the surrounding air. Examples of this type of desuperheater are shell and tube heat exchangers. Here the superheated steam is supplied to one side of the heat exchanger and a cooler medium is supplied to the other side. As the superheated steam passes through the heat exchanger, heat is lost from the steam, and gained by the cooling medium. The temperature of the desuperheated steam could be controlled by either the inlet superheated steam pressure or the flowrate of the cooling water. Control of the superheated steam flow for this purpose is not normally practical and most systems adjust the flow of the cooling medium.Direct contact type - The medium used to cool the superheated steam comes into direct contact with it. In most cases, the cooling medium is the same fluid as the vapour to be desuperheated, but in the liquid state. For example, in the case of steam desuperheaters, water is used. A typical direct contact desuperheating station is shown in Figure 15.1.3. When the desuperheater is operational, a measured amount of water is added to the superheated steam via a mixing arrangement within the desuperheater. As it enters the desuperheater, the cooling water evaporates by absorbing heat from the superheated steam. Consequently, the temperature of the steam is reduced.Control of the amount of water to be added is usually achieved by measuring the temperature of the steam downstream of the desuperheater. The set temperature of the desuperheated steam would typically be 3°C above that at saturation. Therefore, in such arrangements the inlet pressure of the superheated steam should be kept constant.Desuperheating calculationsThe amount of water added must be sufficient to cool the steam to the desired temperature; too little water and the steam will not have been cooled enough, too much and wet saturated steam will be produced which will require drying through a separator. Using Equation 15.1.1, which is based on the conservation of energy, the cooling liquid requirement can be easily and quickly determined:Equation 15.1.1Where:cw=Mass flowrate of cooling water (kg / h)s=Mass flowrate of superheated steam (kg / h)hs=Enthalpy at superheat condition (kJ / kg)hd=Enthalpy at desuperheated condition (kJ / kg)hcw=Enthalpy of cooling water at inlet connection (kJ / kg)Example 15.1.1Determine the required cooling water flowrate for the conditions in the following Table:Solution:The necessary information can be obtained or interpolated from hard copy steam tables; the relevant extracts are shown in Table 15.1.1 and Table 15.1.2. Alternatively, the Spirax Sarco online steam tables can be used.Table 15.1.1 Extract from steam tables - Saturated water and steamTable 15.1.2 Extract from steam tables - Superheated steamThe information required to satisfy Equation 15.1.1 is therefore:s=Mass flowrate of superheated steam = 10 000 kg / hhs=Enthalpy at superheat condition (From steam tables 300°C at 10 bar a) = 3 052 kJ / kghcw=Enthalpy of the cooling liquid = 4.2 kJ / kg°C x 150°C =630 kJ / kgDetermining the enthalpy at the desuperheated condition, hd:From steam tables, the saturation temperature (T s) at 10 bar a is 180°C, therefore at the required desuperheated condition, the temperature will be:Ts + 5°C = 185°CInterpolating between the enthalpy of steam at 10 bar a and its saturation temperature, and at 10 bar a and 200°C:Enthalpy at 10 bar a, T s (saturated steam tables) = 2 778 kJ / kgEnthalpy at 10 bar a, 200°C (superheated steam tables) = 2 829 kJ/kgInterpolating for enthalpy at 10 bar a and 185°C:Finally, applying Equation 15.1.1:Equation 15.1.1Note that the desuperheated steam is supplied at a rate of:10 000 + 1 208 kg / h = 11 208 kg / hHad the requirement been for 10 000 kg / h of the desuperheated steam, the initial superheated steam flowrate can be determined using a simple proportional method:
What is meant by a desuperheating a vapor?
Basic steam desuperheatingDesuperheating is the process by which superheated steam is restored to its saturated state, or the superheat temperature is reduced. Most desuperheaters used to restore the saturated state produce discharge temperatures approaching saturation (typically to within 3°C of the saturation temperature as a minimum).Designs for discharge temperatures in excess of 3°C above saturation are also possible and often used.There are basically two broad types of desuperheater:Indirect contact type - The medium used to cool the superheated steam does not come into direct contact with it. A cooler liquid or gas may be employed as the cooling medium, for example, the surrounding air. Examples of this type of desuperheater are shell and tube heat exchangers. Here the superheated steam is supplied to one side of the heat exchanger and a cooler medium is supplied to the other side. As the superheated steam passes through the heat exchanger, heat is lost from the steam, and gained by the cooling medium. The temperature of the desuperheated steam could be controlled by either the inlet superheated steam pressure or the flowrate of the cooling water. Control of the superheated steam flow for this purpose is not normally practical and most systems adjust the flow of the cooling medium.Direct contact type - The medium used to cool the superheated steam comes into direct contact with it. In most cases, the cooling medium is the same fluid as the vapour to be desuperheated, but in the liquid state. For example, in the case of steam desuperheaters, water is used. A typical direct contact desuperheating station is shown in Figure 15.1.3. When the desuperheater is operational, a measured amount of water is added to the superheated steam via a mixing arrangement within the desuperheater. As it enters the desuperheater, the cooling water evaporates by absorbing heat from the superheated steam. Consequently, the temperature of the steam is reduced.Control of the amount of water to be added is usually achieved by measuring the temperature of the steam downstream of the desuperheater. The set temperature of the desuperheated steam would typically be 3°C above that at saturation. Therefore, in such arrangements the inlet pressure of the superheated steam should be kept constant.Desuperheating calculationsThe amount of water added must be sufficient to cool the steam to the desired temperature; too little water and the steam will not have been cooled enough, too much and wet saturated steam will be produced which will require drying through a separator. Using Equation 15.1.1, which is based on the conservation of energy, the cooling liquid requirement can be easily and quickly determined:Equation 15.1.1Where:cw=Mass flowrate of cooling water (kg / h)s=Mass flowrate of superheated steam (kg / h)hs=Enthalpy at superheat condition (kJ / kg)hd=Enthalpy at desuperheated condition (kJ / kg)hcw=Enthalpy of cooling water at inlet connection (kJ / kg)Example 15.1.1Determine the required cooling water flowrate for the conditions in the following Table:Solution:The necessary information can be obtained or interpolated from hard copy steam tables; the relevant extracts are shown in Table 15.1.1 and Table 15.1.2. Alternatively, the Spirax Sarco online steam tables can be used.Table 15.1.1 Extract from steam tables - Saturated water and steamTable 15.1.2 Extract from steam tables - Superheated steamThe information required to satisfy Equation 15.1.1 is therefore:s=Mass flowrate of superheated steam = 10 000 kg / hhs=Enthalpy at superheat condition (From steam tables 300°C at 10 bar a) = 3 052 kJ / kghcw=Enthalpy of the cooling liquid = 4.2 kJ / kg°C x 150°C =630 kJ / kgDetermining the enthalpy at the desuperheated condition, hd:From steam tables, the saturation temperature (T s) at 10 bar a is 180°C, therefore at the required desuperheated condition, the temperature will be:Ts + 5°C = 185°CInterpolating between the enthalpy of steam at 10 bar a and its saturation temperature, and at 10 bar a and 200°C:Enthalpy at 10 bar a, T s (saturated steam tables) = 2 778 kJ / kgEnthalpy at 10 bar a, 200°C (superheated steam tables) = 2 829 kJ/kgInterpolating for enthalpy at 10 bar a and 185°C:Finally, applying Equation 15.1.1:Equation 15.1.1Note that the desuperheated steam is supplied at a rate of:10 000 + 1 208 kg / h = 11 208 kg / hHad the requirement been for 10 000 kg / h of the desuperheated steam, the initial superheated steam flowrate can be determined using a simple proportional method:
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