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Bioremediation: Anaerobic technologies are not only suitable for the removal of bulk COD they can also be utilized for the biodegradation or biotransformation of toxic priority pollutants. Microbial communities in anaerobic environments can either cause the oxidation of the pollutants resulting in its mineralization to benign products (e.g. CO2) or they can cause the reductive biotransformation of pollutants to less toxic substances (e.g. dechlorination of polychlorinated hydrocarbons). Anaerobic bioremediation can take place in bioreactors, such as the case in the treatment of industrial effluents containing toxic pollutants. Or anaerobic bioremediation can take place in situ in groundwater or sediments at contaminated sites.

Remediation of metals is more complicated than remediation of organic compounds (which can also be a very complicated task), since metals are elements that can not be degraded. One way of remediating soils from metals can be phytoremediation, that is to plant eg Willow that takes up the metals in its leaves and then harvest the plant and burn it (with flue gas cleaning to collect the metals). The burning is preferably done at a plant where the energy is used, as biofuel.

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Do use of micro organisms to change harmful chemicals it's a harmless one is called what?

The use of microorganisms to transform harmful chemicals into less harmful or harmless substances is called bioremediation. This process involves the biological degradation of pollutants by bacteria, fungi, or plants, which can effectively break down toxic compounds in contaminated environments. Bioremediation is often employed in the cleanup of oil spills, heavy metal contamination, and other environmental pollutants.


What is an example of bioremediation?

Bioremediation mostly involves the use of microorganisms and plants to revome pollutants from water and soil. Some microorganisms like archea, bacteria, fingi etc are capable of metobilsm pollutants and in the process degrading them into less harmful byproducts thereby reducing their levels in the environment. Others through some metabolic pathways can alter the form of certain pollutants into less harmful ones. eg some bacteria are capable of altering the oxidation state of certain metal ions to less toxic forms. Also some plant species have specialized tissues that enable them absorb certain pollutants like heavy metals etc and thus reduce the levels of such pollutants in the environment. After absorbing the pollutants, the plant material could be harvested and incinerated.


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