Complementary sequences of DNA, which pair the nucleotide base adenine with thymine, and cytosine with guanine, are held together by hydrogen bonds.
The nucleotide bases are partially made up of nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen molecules bonded together. On each base, one nitrogen is bonded to a hydrogen. Nitrogen is very electronegative, meaning that it pulls hydrogen's electron closer to it and becomes slightly negative. This leaves a slightly positive hydrogen sticking out.
Each base also has an oxygen sticking out with a pair of electrons ready for bonding. These electrons can not bond with hydrogen, as hydrogen is already in a bond with nitrogen and can only form one bond. However, they are negatively charged and strongly attract the slightly positive hydrogen on the opposite complimentary base.
This pattern means that two hydrogen bonds are formed each pair of complementary bases, holding complementary sequences together.
Complementary strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds connecting complementary bases.
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Complementary strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds connecting complementary bases.
Introns do not have specific complementary sequences in DNA. Introns are non-coding regions of a gene that are removed during the process of mRNA splicing. Their removal allows for the exons (coding regions) to be joined together to form the mature mRNA transcript.
They would be described as being complementary - as in complementary base pairing.
Some examples of palindromic DNA sequences are "GGTACC" (complementary sequence: "CCTAGG"), "ACGT" (complementary sequence: "TGCA"), and "AGCT" (complementary sequence: "TCGA"). These sequences read the same on both strands when read in the 5' to 3' direction.
hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogenous bases.
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The technique used to search for sequences that are complementary to a desired sequence of a DNA fragment is called "sequence alignment." This process involves comparing the sequences to find regions of similarity or complementarity. Various bioinformatics tools and software are available to assist in this process.
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In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine, forming complementary base pairs. These pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds, with A-T forming two hydrogen bonds and G-C forming three hydrogen bonds. This complementary base pairing is essential for the stability and replication of the DNA molecule.
Complementary nitrogenous bases are held together by hydrogen bonds. Adenine pairs with thymine (or uracil in RNA) by forming two hydrogen bonds, while cytosine pairs with guanine by forming three hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds provide the necessary stability for the base pairing in DNA and RNA molecules.