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Complementary sequences of DNA, which pair the nucleotide base adenine with thymine, and cytosine with guanine, are held together by hydrogen bonds.

The nucleotide bases are partially made up of nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen molecules bonded together. On each base, one nitrogen is bonded to a hydrogen. Nitrogen is very electronegative, meaning that it pulls hydrogen's electron closer to it and becomes slightly negative. This leaves a slightly positive hydrogen sticking out.

Each base also has an oxygen sticking out with a pair of electrons ready for bonding. These electrons can not bond with hydrogen, as hydrogen is already in a bond with nitrogen and can only form one bond. However, they are negatively charged and strongly attract the slightly positive hydrogen on the opposite complimentary base.

This pattern means that two hydrogen bonds are formed each pair of complementary bases, holding complementary sequences together.

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