They are called gemstones.Rare, beautiful minerals are generally classified as "gems" or "gemstones".
A common term used for these is gems.
All gemstones are minerals, unless they were created by man or are organic gems like pearls and coral.
Minerals and gemstones mined in Australia include: Bauxite Coal Diamonds Salt Uranium Opals Sapphires
Gemstones are mainly found by volcanoes, because they are formed below the crust, and the volcano pushes them to or near the surface. Gemstones can be found in any part of the world, though, but the real question is whether you are willing to dig for them and/or get lucky.
A geologist studies rocks, minerals, and physical structure of a particular area. A gemologist studies gems and gemstones.
Not all minerals are gemstones; these are exceptions.
Crystal and gemstones are different. Gemstones have different chemical compositions like Diamond or Sapphire.
When describing them, you could call them precious gems or gemstones.
minerals
Diamonds and emeralds are gemstones. These gems are mineral crystals or a piece of a metal. The stones are cut and polished and made into jewelry.
Gemstones are minerals but not all minerals are gemstones, as some minerals are very common and have little aesthetic or monetary value.