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Genetic markers, i.e. DNA types, are placed in a national, statewide, or local database, collectively called CODIS. All crime labs with access to the database use the same core markers whereby DNA types can be compared. The DNA type of an nameless suspect in a sexual assault case in CA, say, can be added to the database and compared to the DNA types of convicted offenders entered in other locations. If the DNA type of an offender 'matches' the DNA type of the suspect, the entering labs are notified. Another sample is obtained from the named offender and compared directly to the DNA type of suspect in the sexual assault case. If the 'match' is confirmed, the offender becomes the suspect...
There are plenty of rules about who can enter DNA profiles, what crimes qualify to get an offender into the database, who cannot be entered into the database, etc. Typically local/state crime labs do the bulk of both the suspect and convicted offender DNA typing, but the database is managed by the FBI.
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