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Oil and natural gas start off as dead organic matter, mostly algae and plankton, that settles to the bottom of a body of water along with the inorganic sediment that eventually becomes the rock. As the sediment is buried, the same heat and pressure that converts it into solid rock turns the organic material into hydrocarbons, which make up most of oil and natural gas. The oil and gas fill in pore spaces within the rock.

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Q: How are petroleum and natural gas deposits formed within layers of sedimentary rocks?
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