By the outermost shell of electrons
No. The properties of elements are determined by the number of protons, which in turn determines the number of electrons.
The elements that compose it and the arrangement of its atoms
the properties of elements are determined by the structures of their atoms.
yes.
they are determined by the outermost shell of electrons
The Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev.
information about elements can be obtained from this organizing tool
For heavy artificially elements is difficult (or impossible) to determine properties because the are obtained in quantities of only few atoms; and these atoms are very unstable !
Valence electrons are very important for the chemical properties of chemical elements; but all electrons have identical sizes.
There are various ways. Some elements can be determined by taste, color, optical properties, reaction to mass spectrometry, reaction to chemicals etc. It depends on the element.
Reactivity is associated with position. Chemical properties of element can be determined from its position.
the properties of a compound are not the same as the elements that form them.