This is called "Apparent Magnitude".
Apparent magnitude is the measure of how bright a star appears as seen from Earth. This scale is based on a star's brightness perceived by human observers. The lower the apparent magnitude, the brighter the star appears.
The apparent magnitude.
Venus, because it is close to the Sun (and very bright) it is seen either before the Sun at dawn or after the Sun at dusk.
The brightness of a star is called visual magnitude. The lower the visual magnitude is the brighter the star is.
That would be the Sun .
Because it is a bright star and it is close to earth (or should I say CLOSER to earth than any other star). It is also very big and dense.
That's called the star's absolute magnitude.
The star Sirius is the brightest star visible from the earth. Sirius is in the Canis Major constelation, and is therefore often refered to as "the Dog Star"
The brightness as seen from Earth is called the "apparent magnitude".The real brightness (defined as the apparent brightness, as seen from a standard distance) is called the "absolute magnitude".
Because it is bright but not bright enough to be seen in the day.
Venus is called the morning star.
The brightness of a star to an observer on Earth is called it's Apparent Magnitude. The intrinsic brightness of a star is known as it's Absolute Magnitude.