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A basic DNA kinship test can be done, which compares two people on a small set of autosomal genetic markers, called alleles. An allele is a form of a DNA sequence of a particular gene. A person inherits alleles randomly from both parents. Basically, by testing to see how many alleles two people share in common, a conclusion of high or low probablity of relatedness can be drawn. Some values are more common to match with people, while others are not. The rarer the alleles that match up, the more likely a person is related to the comparison.

Therefore, if you share a lot of rare alleles with a person, there is a high probability you two are related.

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Q: How can DNA tell if 2 humans are brother and sister?
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