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Natural cellulose fibres carry a small negative charge (zplateauZ11 mV) due to the presence of some carboxylic acid groups from oxidation at the primary hydroxylic

sites [3].

At a pH higher than 8, some of the hydroxyl groups on the hydroxymethyl side chains may also be ionized increasing the negative charge significantly [4].

The negative charges on the surface of cellulose repel anionic dyes and hence the

efficiency of dye fixation on cellulosic fibres is generally low. To counter this problem, a number of studies on cotton dyeing have been carried out to improve the dye uptake and fastness properties.

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Q: How can be a cloth be negatively charged?
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Can a negative charged object attract other negative charged objects?

objects can be negatively charged when it is rubbed with another object; a woolen cloth for example. this is because the electrons from the woolen cloth will be transferred to the object which is being rubbed! only electrons can be transferred to the object and make the object becomes negatively charged.


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