People are sometimes confused by the assertion that photons, neutrinos, or other particles have a rest mass of zero. These particles are never at rest, so their rest mass is a purely theoretical concept. All particles have mass, there are no exceptions. It can be a very small amount of mass, as is the case for a photon, but there is some mass. A photon can also be described as being composed of energy, but remember that there is a mass-energy equivalence, as described by Einstein's famous equation, e=mc2. If a particle has energy, it therefore also has some amount of mass.
Charge can exist without mass in the form of electric fields and electromagnetic radiation. For instance, photons, which are massless particles, carry electromagnetic energy and can possess electric and magnetic fields. However, charged particles like electrons and protons do have mass. In summary, while charge itself can manifest in massless forms, charged particles inherently possess mass.
All particles that move slower than the speed of light have a "rest mass" or "invariant mass" - and that means, almost all particles. One of the few particles that does NOT have a rest mass is the photon, since it moves at the speed of light. It does have energy, and therefore (by mass-energy equivalence) it also has mass, but this is not "rest mass" and is often not counted as mass.
The photons and neutrinos are considered without mass although they have a very small mass.
A particle without mass is called a massless particle. Massless particles travel at the speed of light and do not experience gravitational forces. They have energy and momentum, but no rest mass. Examples of massless particles include photons (particles of light) and gluons (particles that mediate the strong nuclear force).
According to the principle of mass-energy equivalence (E=mc^2), energy and mass are interchangeable. In theory, energy can be created without mass, such as in the case of virtual particles popping in and out of existence in quantum mechanics. These particles have energy but no permanent mass.
Light has nothing to do with mass. Also note that mass is the resistance of a body to a change in motion.
Then mass wouldn't exist. Without chemistry, matter could not form because subatomic particles wouldn't form out of quarks, which wouldn't exist. The universe still might have formed, but it would not have any sort of mass. It would just be some "Big Chill" universe.
The smallest particles that have been discovered and that don't only exist in theory are the quarks. They are what make up protons, neutrons, all kinds of baryons, and a few other categories of particles. But there is a theory of smaller particles that make up quarks, electrons, and other particles that were previously believed to be fundamental (But, again, these particles only exist in theory). These particles are to be called "rishons" if discovered.
Photons, being massless particles, do not age or decay like other particles with mass. They travel at the speed of light and exist until they are absorbed or interact with other particles. Thus, photons are considered to have an indefinite lifespan.
Not a single body is present in this universe without mass but they can be weight less.By definition, mass is the measure of the inertia of a body, so if the body were without mass (as some particles, for example), it would have no inertia.
The amount of particles in the object. The more particles, the bigger the mass.
Dust particles typically exist in the solid phase, as they are made up of solid particles that can be suspended in the air.