During anaphase II of meiosis, the chromosomes are being pulled apart. If the spindle fibers aren't wholely attached to the centromere (at the center of the chromosomes) they might not separate evenly, resulting in monosomy or, inversely, trisomy. This renders gametes with extra or missing chromosomes, leading to illnesses like down's syndrome (Down's is trisomey of the 21st chromosome. There are three of them as opposed to 2, hense TRIsomey).
Sorry there's no drawing application, but I'll do my best to make you a diagram.
Here is the diploid cell before mieosis I.
11 22 33
Here it is after DNA synthysis
1111 2222 3333
And after telephase I
11 22 33 11 22 33
There are now 2 diploid cells. Gametes (sperm and eggs) are haploid, so the cell divides one more time without performing synthysis.
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
That is what occurs under normal conditions.
When something messes up...
after synthysis
1111 2222 3333
After Telophase 1
11 22 33 11 22 33
After telephase 2
11 2 3 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
That is an example of non-disjunction in meiosis II
The result of non-disjunction in meiosis I...
After Synthysis
1111 2222 3333
After telophase I
1111 22 33 22 33
After telophase II
11 2 3 11 2 3 2 3 2 3
Evidently, this is going to cause some problems. :)
Genetic sequences in combination with certain gestational hormones have been linked to homosexuality in men, but whole chromosomes have no correlation to homosexuality.
by killing adam w-s
If you mean as a whole, most chromosomes resemble the shape of the letter X. There may be a sex chromosome, and it may resemble the letter V in males of the species, though in that case, it is called a Y-Chromosome. During the anaphase of mitosis, they would be L-shaped.If you mean in terms of the shape of the genetic material, then chromosomes have a double-helix shape.
in eukaryotes, there is usually a double set of genome (whole genetic information needed to build the organism). The genome is represented by chromosomes. For example, human cells possess 23 chromosomes. But, there are another 23 chromosomes in the cells, called homologous chromosomes. Their genetic information is very similar, nearly the same. The reason why the information is not 100% the same, is that one set of the 23 chromosomes comes from mother's egg and the second set comes from father's spermatozoon.
Tetrads only appear in meiosis. The tetrad is the joining of four chromosomes in prophase I of meiosis. Two male duplicated chromosomes and two female chromosomes. The most important role of tetrad formation is ' crossing over. ' This is the exchange of genetic information between the male and female chromosomes. The material, whole genes, is physically swapped between the male and female chromosomes.
Chromosomes replicate in the Interphase part of Meiosis and throughout the whole process of Meiosis they only replicate once.
NO light microscope can not magnify the image to see chromosomes. You can see with fluorescence microscopes to observe them during cell cycle. Light microscope is helpful to check the whole living cell.
it's not as much the timing of the mutation. the genes of a human can be mutated during transcription of the DNA. if just one gene is thrown off, it can cause the whole chain to be affected. for instance, if an incorrect polypeptide is added to the chain where it shouldn't be added, every following gene will be off one spot. the mutations can happen during the DNA translation or when sex cells divide. that would be a mutation from the chromosomes; one missing chromosome that was not transferred correctly during cell division right from the beginning of when the sperm and egg meet can alter the whole offspring's function.
Yes, any two whole numbers added together will equal a whole number.
When replicating or during transcription, DNA needs to uncoil in order to give the proper code. When the chromosomes are condensed, it cannot uncoil itself to give any sort of message. In order for the cell to remain functional, it must be able to code DNA.
WHOLE
If zero is added to a whole number the answer would be the whole number because zero is the same as nothing
the chromsomes
Genetic sequences in combination with certain gestational hormones have been linked to homosexuality in men, but whole chromosomes have no correlation to homosexuality.
No, in Metaphase the chromosomes align in the center of the cell in association with the spindle fibers, and PREPARE to duplicate during the next phase of Mitosis, which is Anaphhase. The chromosomes are developing to duplicate throughout all phases of mitosis up until Anaphase when the chromosomes split into two and cytokinesis begins to take place so that two new cells will be formed.
by killing adam w-s
No, whole grains (like all foods) can have GMOs added to them, can be artificially flavored, or can be sprayed with pesticides during cultivation. So just like every other food, there are organic whole grains and inorganic or non-organic whole grains.