ok first get a permanent sharpie and cover the whole penny
Then light the penny on fire to about 66 degrees C
you will see the coin start to regain its features
Don't clean any collectible coins. However, vinegar can clean outward corrosion off of a penny and strip off the outer layer of copper to make it seem shiny again. But please, if you have any coins that are even remotely collectible, don't clean them, it completely ruins the value of them, especially coins with little intrinsic values such as pennies.
Pennies are made of zinc and other alloys with a copper coating, pennies made before 1964(or around this year) they were made of just copper. What you see on a penny is not rust but corrosion of the copper coating.
It does not rust. It oxidizes and tarnishes. The bright red color of clean, new copper will burnish into a dull brown. Look at a penny... a pre 1982 US penny is 95% copper and 5% zinc.
Oxide
You can tell if a penny is made out of zinc or copper by the date on the penny. If the date is before 1982 then the penny is 95% copper. Pennies dated 1983 or later are 97.5% zinc with a thin copper coating.
A copper penny builds up a layer of corrosion on its outsides. Probably copper oxide. The cleaning just dissolves the outer corrosion and leaves a new outer layer of copper. CuO + HNO3 --> Cu(NO3)2 + H2O ... the copper nitrate is dissolved in the acid solution and leaves 'clean' copper behind.
Don't clean any collectible coins. However, vinegar can clean outward corrosion off of a penny and strip off the outer layer of copper to make it seem shiny again. But please, if you have any coins that are even remotely collectible, don't clean them, it completely ruins the value of them, especially coins with little intrinsic values such as pennies.
Vinegar contains Acetic acid that reacts with the copper in the penny.
They were made from an alloy called bronze which is 95% copper.
It contains phosphoric acid. The acids dissolve the gunk & corrosion on the penny.
Soda pop is a mild acid, because of dissolved carbon dioxide. Acid dissolves the copper oxide tarnish that darkens the penny's color.
Pennies are made of zinc and other alloys with a copper coating, pennies made before 1964(or around this year) they were made of just copper. What you see on a penny is not rust but corrosion of the copper coating.
It does not rust. It oxidizes and tarnishes. The bright red color of clean, new copper will burnish into a dull brown. Look at a penny... a pre 1982 US penny is 95% copper and 5% zinc.
Oxide
The 1863 Indian Head cent is still the copper-nickel composition (.880 copper & .120 nickel) 1864 is the year they were first struck in bronze.
Yes, and no depending on the state of the coin. (clean, shiny, polished)
The vinegar and salt in the ketchup will remove most of the dark tarnish on a darkened or dirty copper penny (you can accomplish the same effect more quickly using just a small dish of vinegar and salt). However, the penny will "clean up" with a slightly beige-pink or rosy color, significantly not quite the color of a shiny new penny.