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This is an EXTREMELY complex area, but there is a fairly basic rule, but there are MANY rule breakers. Let's look at it this way, an ion forms so that an element can achieve 8 electrons, they want to achieve this with the least amount of energy possible. (Keep in mind we are only working with s and p sublevel electrons, or the valence electrons, not the d's and f's). First you need to undestand this (this is a rough chart, as I am ignoring all of the rule breakers):
Group 1: 1 valence electron
Groups 2-12: 2 valence electrons
Group 13: 3 valence electrons
Group 14: 4 valence electrons
Group 15: 5 valence electrons
Group 16: 6
Group 17: 7
Group 18: 8 (noble gases)
Everything left of the metalloid line will LOSE valence electrons to achieve the state of the noble gas on the period before it, for example:
Calcium (Ca #20) has 2 valence electrons, so it will lose those two to achieve the electron configuration (E.C.) of Argon (Ar #18), and since it has two more positively charged protons than it does negatively charged electrons, it forms the ion Ca2+.
Everything to the right of the metalloid line will GAIN valence electrons to achieve the E.C. of the noble gas on its period, for example:
Selenium (Se #34) has 6 valence electrons, so instead of losing 6 electrons to achieve the state of Argon, like what Calcium did, it will gain two electrons to achieve the state of Krypton (Kr #36), and since its negatively charged electrons outnumber its positively charged protons it gets the oxidation number 2-, making it Se2-.
Just remember that, metals (to the left of the zigzag/metalloid line) lose electrons to form positive ions, and nonmetals (to the right of the zigzag/metalloid line) gain electrons to form negative ions. Hope this helped, and I hope you do not mind that I disregarded the rule breakers.
What else can I help you with?
What is the oxidation number of each ion in the compound MgBr2?
In MgBr2, the magnesium ion (Mg) has an oxidation number of +2, while the bromide ion (Br) has an oxidation number of -1.
How do you get the oxidation number of an element?
To determine the oxidation number of an element, consider its usual oxidation state based on its position in the periodic table and the known oxidation states of other elements in the compound. In a neutral compound, the sum of the oxidation numbers must equal zero, and in an ion, the sum must equal the charge of the ion. Use these rules to assign the oxidation number of the element.
What is the oxidation number of CO3?
The oxidation number of carbonate ion (CO3) is -2. Each oxygen atom has an oxidation number of -2, and the sum of the oxidation numbers in the ion must equal the charge of the ion, which is -2.
What is the oxidation number of nitrito?
The oxidation number of the nitrite ion (NO2-) is -1. The oxidation number of nitrogen in the nitrite ion is +3, and each oxygen atom has an oxidation number of -2.
How is charge related to oxidation number?
Charge refers to the electrical charge of an ion, which is the number of valence electrons gained or lost by an atom. Oxidation number, on the other hand, is a hypothetical charge assigned to an atom in a compound based on a set of rules. The oxidation number can be used to determine the charge of an ion in a compound, but it does not always represent the true charge of the atom.
What is the oxidation number of each ion in the compound MgBr2?
In MgBr2, the magnesium ion (Mg) has an oxidation number of +2, while the bromide ion (Br) has an oxidation number of -1.
How do you get the oxidation number of an element?
To determine the oxidation number of an element, consider its usual oxidation state based on its position in the periodic table and the known oxidation states of other elements in the compound. In a neutral compound, the sum of the oxidation numbers must equal zero, and in an ion, the sum must equal the charge of the ion. Use these rules to assign the oxidation number of the element.
What is the oxidation number of CO3?
The oxidation number of carbonate ion (CO3) is -2. Each oxygen atom has an oxidation number of -2, and the sum of the oxidation numbers in the ion must equal the charge of the ion, which is -2.
What is the oxidation number of nitrito?
The oxidation number of the nitrite ion (NO2-) is -1. The oxidation number of nitrogen in the nitrite ion is +3, and each oxygen atom has an oxidation number of -2.
How is charge related to oxidation number?
Charge refers to the electrical charge of an ion, which is the number of valence electrons gained or lost by an atom. Oxidation number, on the other hand, is a hypothetical charge assigned to an atom in a compound based on a set of rules. The oxidation number can be used to determine the charge of an ion in a compound, but it does not always represent the true charge of the atom.
What is the oxidation no Of S In s4o6-2?
To determine the oxidation number of sulfur (S) in the polyatomic ion S4O6^2-, we can set up an equation where the sum of the oxidation numbers equals the charge of the ion. In this case, the total charge is -2. Each oxygen atom has an oxidation number of -2, so the total oxidation number contributed by oxygen is -12. To solve for sulfur, we set up the equation: 4x + 6(-2) = -2, where x is the oxidation number of sulfur. By solving this equation, we find that the oxidation number of sulfur in S4O6^2- is +5.
What does an oxidation number represent?
An oxidation number represents the apparent charge of an atom in a compound or ion. It is used to track the movement of electrons in chemical reactions and helps determine the oxidation state of an element in a compound.
How does the oxidation number of a monatomic ion compare to its charge?
The oxidation number of a monatomic ion equals its charge. For example, the oxidation number of a sodium ion (Na+) is +1, which matches its charge of +1.
What is the oxidation number of the molecular ion ammonium NH4 in ammonium chloride NH4Cl?
The oxidation number of nitrogen in the ammonium ion NH4+ is -3, and the oxidation number of hydrogen is +1. In ammonium chloride NH4Cl, the net charge on NH4 is +1 because the chloride ion Cl- has an oxidation number of -1.
What is oxidation number of carbon in Hydronium?
Hydronium ion is H3O+ ion and has no carbon in it.
How to solve for the oxidation number of charge of a polyatomic ion?
To find the oxidation number or charge of a polyatomic ion, consider the known charges of the individual atoms within the ion. For example, in the sulfate ion (SO4)2-, oxygen typically has an oxidation number of -2, and sulfur would then have an oxidation number to balance the charge of the ion. The sum of the oxidation numbers of all the atoms in the ion should equal the overall charge of the ion.
What is a monatomic ion has an oxidation number?
A monatomic ion is an ion consisting of a single atom with a positive or negative charge. The oxidation number of a monatomic ion is equal to the charge of the ion.
