Indirectly, by analyzing the light given off by the Sun. Typically, a hotter object will emit electromagnetic waves of higher-energy - on average, because such an object will emit a mix of many electromagnetic waves.
The surface of the sun radiates energy in nearly the same manner as a black body. That is to say, the fraction of light that is emitted at each wavelength is a function of the temperature alone. As a result, we can measure the spectrum of the Sun, and then fit it with a blackbody spectrum to derive the temperature.
No. The thermometer measures the temperature of mass or material. Concerning the moon, a thermometer could measure the temperature of dust or rock on the surface. If it were not in contact with the surface, and the sun shone on it, the thermometer would read the temperature to which the sun heated it. If it were shielded from the sun, then the thermometer would read the temperature of space ... about 3 K, or darn near absolute zero.
The average daytime surface temperature at the sun's surface is 9,941 degrees fahrenheit.
The answer depends on why you want to measure the temperature and what the object is. I cannot see any way of measuring the temperature of the surface of the sun in the shade!
The sun's temperature varies markedly depending on how close to the surface. Strangely, the sun is hotter away from the surface. The average surface temperature is around 5778 Kelvin
We don't need to estimate it, we can measure it (at least the surface temperature) using the cavity radiation equation and experimental observation of the solar spectrum.
The temperature of sun in its core is 16,00,00,00 Celsius & 55,00 Celsius at surface.
The temperature at the surface of the sun is about 10,000Fahrenheit (5,600 Celsius). The temperature rises from the surface of the sun inward towards the very hot center of the sun where it reaches about 27,000,000 Fahrenheit (15,000,000 Celsius)
The visible surface of the Sun has a temperature of 5,700°K which is approximately 9,800°F or 5,427°C.10,000
well when you set your microwave to high it is about the same temperature as the surface of the sun but the core can get as hot as an exploding microwaved watermelon
The surface temperature of the sun is about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit. However, there is an increase in temperature from the surface to the sun's core, where the temperature can reach nearly 27,000,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
6,000