Stars are gigantic spheres of nucleosynthesis. They start off as hydrogen mainly but gradually fill up with heavier elements as they synthesise them.

Stars form from nebulae, vast clouds of hydrogen. Pockets of gas in the nebulae ball into spheres by gravity. Through tunnelling (relies on the Uncertainty Priciple of quantum theory), hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium nuclei and this reaction gives of heat. Millions upon millions of these reactions heat up the star. Hydrogen is converted in this way (nucleosynthetically) into helium and helium into carbon.

A star is a 'delicate balance'. The heat from the core pushes outwards and the mass of the star tries to push the outer layers of the star inwards in collapse. Paradoxically, the larger a star the shorter is the time until it exhausts its nuclear 'fuel'. The nucleosynthetic reactions stop at iron. Energy must be addedto produce elements heavier than iron.

The largest stars (much larger than the Sun) explode as supernovae. The supernova energy is enough for the synthesis of the heavier elements, from iron to uranium.

With no nucleosynthetic energy continuing to be generated, the core collapses. Stars can shrink into white dwarves (where collapse is halted by electron degeneracy) or neutron stars (where collapse is halted by neutron degeneracy), or black holes, where collapse cannot be halted if the mass of the post-supernova core is above a certain limit - the Chandrasekhar limit.

There are a couple of videos on youtube about size and scale in the Universe. They start with the Moon and then show larger and larger and larger objects, from the Sun to Sirius and Aldebaran and the largest star so far known VY Canis Majoris.

The Sun is a star 150 million km from Earth and has a diameter of 1 390 000 km. The nearest star to the Sun is Proxima Centauri and is 4.3 light years from Earth.

Stars can be different colours, depending on their temperatures. Cool stars (from 3500 degrees Celsius) are redder in colour. The hottest stars are blue stars (up to 50 000 degrees Celsius). The Sun is 6000 degrees Celsius on the surface and 15 000 000 degrees Celsius at the centre and is classified as a type G yellow dwarf star.

Stars are classified by their size and colour on the Herzsprung-Russell Diagram.

Stars (in their billions) form huge groups (galaxies) thousands of light years in diameter. Galaxies have several shapes (spiral, barred spiral, elliptical and irregular).

Answer

"Aldorande" is the pronunciation of a star called Alderaan.

Alderaan is the disused term for the stars Procyon and Gomesia in the constellation of Canis Minor.

So, your answer is the Canis Minor constellation. Even though the name Alderaan is no longer used.

Alderaan is also a fictional planet in the Star Wars movies.

Answer

Alderaan is pronounced Aldorande in the Star Wars movies and is a fictional planet.

The star Alderaan is an old and disused term for the stars Procyon and Gomeisa in the constellation Canis Minor.

It takes millions of years for free floating diatomic molecules of hydrogen gas in space to congregate in sufficient quantity to produce a protostar (the first stage). The collapse of the gas usually requires some event, such as a collision between gaseous nebula which tend to be inelastic, or the shockwave from a supernova, or the wake of a black hole. Any of these events can nudge gravity to coalesce the gas into a "brown dwarf."

When a brown dwarf has gained enough mass to emit its own light and heat via gravitational collapse, it becomes known as a "protostar." Protostars require 100,000 to a few million years to gain sufficient mass, core heat and pressure, to commence nuclear fusion, even though they can appear as bright as a "true" star. The most common true star is known as a T-Tauri star.

Nuclear fusion occurs as protons of hydrogen combine with neutrons to form helium nuclei (alpha particles). This process takes place in the core of the star, where the temperature is in the millions of degrees and the pressure is extremely high. Nuclear ignition is the point at which one may say a star is "born," and the resulting solar wind slows or halts the infalling nebular gas. Any remaining gas the star pulls into itself would come primarily from what is known as a protoplanetary accretion disk, usually forming parallel to the star's rotational axis.

Helium comes from the word helios, meaning "sun." The helium nucleus is lighter than its constituent parts--the two protons and neutrons of which it is formed. This difference is known as the "mass defect," and is equivalent to the energy liberated in the fusion process. So in its gestational state a protostar shines via gravitational collapse, until the core pressure and temperature is great enough for nuclear fusion, at which point the star shines by the nuclear fusion reaction.

Larger stars are less common, but can form in less time, such as by the collision of numerous protostars.
they are created with hot gasses from the nebula or really hot or exploded stars I believe
A star is born when gas and clouds of dust is forced/pushed together and forms a beautiful star.
they are created with hot gasses from the nebula or really hot or exploded stars I believe
A star is born when gas and clouds of dust is forced/pushed together and forms a beautiful star.

Great question to chew on ! And I think I can work it out, at least

to an order-of-magnitude approximation.

Radius of Jupiter's orbit is around 5 AU = 5 x 93 million = 465,000,000 miles.

15 light years = 15 x 5.8787 x 1012 = 8.818 x 1013 miles

(Tangent)-1 of (5 AU / 15 LY) = 0.000302 degree = roughly like 1.09 arc-second.

There's a rule for the resolution you need in order to completely resolve two sources

that subtend a given angle, and I don,t remember what it is. But the order of magnitude

for this particular case is about 1 arc-second ... with one bright object and a dim one.

That calculation looks right and the separation can theoretically be resolved by a telescope with a 4½" aperture. But there is a big difference in brightness because the Sun would be a star of magnitude 3.2 while Jupiter's magnitude would be about 21. So a considerably bigger telescope would be needed because to see something that dim needs a big aperture, round about 100".

Stars, planets, moons, and various other bodies in space are collectively called celestial bodies. The stars, like the sun, appear to move from east to west. This apparent movement is due to Earth's rotation on its axis. However, there is one star that appears almost stationary to us. This is the Pole star, named so because it is in the direction of the North Pole. All the stars appear to rotate about a point very close to the Pole star, which appears to be almost stationary. The angle of the Pole star above the horizon gives us our latitude on Earth.

There are several other things going on at the same time:

• The earth revolves about the sun once per year. As it does so, it's inner half faces the sun and sees daylight. Its outer half is in darkness. As it swings around the sun, this dark side points in different directions during the year. In the summer, the dark side points toward the center of the galaxy and the constellation Sagittarius. In the winter, the dark side points away from the center of the galaxy toward the constellation Orion. This is why you see different constellations during different times of the year.
• Finally, the moon and planets have their own independent orbits which results in their paths being a bit different than the background stars. The moon is the easiest to explain, because it just moves around the earth once per month in a direction that makes it appear to go opposite its apparent rising and setting. The planets are a bit more complex, but their locations can be found using any astronomy chart.

It makes perfect sense that we would believe that time is universally constant, because we do not have relativistic experiences that tell us otherwise, and because to us time seems to be so regular and so easily and consistently measured. But here is the big secret: Time is not a universal constant. It does not pass the same way for all locations and for all reference frames no matter what. Einstein theorized this and it has been supported many times in many ways. But you have to be dealing with relativistic velocities (velocities that are significant proportions of the speed of light) in order for the differences in time to be noticeable.

Now, we cannot accelerate to the speed of light. But if we are accelerating relative to our starting point, the closer we get to the speed of light the greater the relativistic affect on time. Light itself is NOT instantaneous; as far as we know from classical physics nothing propagates through space instantaneously. Maybe Quantum Theory allows for such things. Light takes 8 minutes to reach earth from the sun if the time is measured from earth. If you could hitch a ride on one of the photons coming from the sun, (you cannot, of course) first you would get a big shock when the photon hits the sand at your favorite beach. If you survive, YOU would claim that the trip was instantaneous. For YOU (not for observers on earth) time would NOT have passed during the trip from the sun. Yes, it seems impossible. But this is one of the consequences of Einstein's theories of relativity. There is another example of the time distortion idea involving black holes in the discussion area.