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A roof overhang is generally just called a roof overhang unless you are referring to a specific part of the overhang.
There is no "standard". It depends on the construction, dimensions, and the overall goal/intent of the roof overhang.
under the overhang of the roof
A synonym for eaves is roof overhang.
eave The overhanging edge of a roof.
Eaves, meaning the projecting overhang at the lower edge of a roof. In a sentence: The eaves of the roof will be 0.5m
A shelter can be anything from an overhang roof to an actual simple building.
A rake board is a part of the roof of a house. The rake board is the diagonal board on the side of the roof's overhang.
Typically building line are not aerial but property lines are. Your "property" should not be on your neighbors property...
Most likely it would be referred to as the overhang.
The eaves are the edges of the roof which overhang a building.
Typically, it is the part that extends beyond the building wall, aka tail of the rafter. It creates the area where you can stand under the edge of the roof when it rains.