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How companies use stocks?

Updated: 9/16/2023
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14y ago

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There are three reasons for a company to use stocks:

1) Finance growth by selling stocks in the company. A startup may trade some percentage of the company in return for cash from early investors, at this stage the stocks are still private. The first time a company sells stock to the general public is called an IPO, Initial Public Offering. A company may issue more stocks later when it needs more capital. (Issuing more stocks may bring in more capital, but it also lowers the value of the existing stocks, as they now represent a smaller proportion of the company.)

2) Get strategical control or influence by buying stocks in another company. Since stocks (normally) give voting rights, owning more than 50% of the stocks means that you own the company. Owning a smaller proportion may still give you a place on the company board. This is normally done to improve the core business, for example a company running a factory may wish to have more influence over a company delivering equipment or raw material to the factory.

3) As a financial bet, attempting to buy stocks low and sell them high similar to everyone else. This may be unrelated to the company core business.

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