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Mainly through imposed trade agreements backed up by a huge Navy, military might and vast sums of financial clout (plundered mainly from existing colonies).

Bribery of local officials or the installation of officials more 'open' to British influence and the exploitation of existing rivalries amongst local officials also played a key part.

But mostly through the use or threat of Military force (or Gunship diplomacy).

a lot like the US today!

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Q: How did Britain acquire new colonies in the 19th century?
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