That became clear once the telescopes were powerful enough to distinguish individual stars in the galaxies. Before that, they were seen only as "nebulae" (cloud-like objects), and it wasn't clear whether M31 (for example) was part of our own galaxy. M31 is also known as the Andromeda Galaxy.
Hubble realized that dimmer galaxies were probably farther away tha brighter galaxies. Thus, he tried to determine if there is a relation between the distances to galaxies and their red shifts. Using estimated distances based on relative brightness and the observed Doppler red shifts, Hubble discovered that galaxies that exhibit the greatest red shifts are the most distant.
He discovered Cepheid variable stars in the Great Nebula in the Andromeda constellation. These stars are used as a way of measuring distances to other galaxies.
The first Cepheid he found he originally thought was a "nova".
Then he realised it was a variable. That enabled him to estimate the distance to
the Andromeda galaxy.
Prior to Hubble, most astronomers believed that our Milky Way galaxy was, in effect, the entire universe, and the wispy disc-like structures that could be seen at a distance were nebular clouds. By studying a certain type of variable star in some of these "clouds", Hubble deduced that they were separate galaxies from our own, and that there were many of them.
Hubble used a powerful telescope to see that nebula (clouds) were in fact other galaxies far away.
Hubble did not discover that there were other galaxies; that had been discovered earlier. But Hubble was the first to demonstrate that the more distant another galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us. Edit: I'm not sure that's right. Hubble was surely the first to prove that a "spiral nebula" was too far away to be in the Milky Way. That nebula is what we now call the "Andromeda galaxy". I know that Slipher and others did important earlier work on red shifts, but I'm pretty sure Hubble did discover that other galaxies existed.
the farthest the hubble telescope can see is about 150 million light years away!
Edwin Hubble did not discover any planets. He is most famous for demonstrating that the "spiral nebulae" were, in fact, other galaxies lying far outside the Milky Way, and for discovering the relationship between redshift (= recessional velocity) of galaxies and their distances.
A spiral with a solid bar across the center. hope this helps it helped me.
A Galaxy's red-shift can be used to determine how fast it is travelling away from you. The opposite is "blue-shift" which is what happens when the Galaxy is travelling towards you.The first astronomers, such as Edwin Hubble, to analyse the light coming from distant galaxies discovered that almost all of them were red-shifted, indicating that they were almost all heading away from us. This was the first indication that the universe was expanding.
Our galaxy is called the Milky way, but the closest neighbouring galaxy is called the Andromeda galaxy.
Prior to Hubble's discovery scientists generally believed that our galaxy was the entire universe. Hubble found that the Andromeda galaxy was, then called the Andromeda Nebula, was not a part of our galaxy but a galaxy unto itself far beyond the edge of the Milky Way. This discovered demonstrated that the universe is much larger than scientists have believed.
He applied the period-luminosity relation to Cepheid variables.
were part of a galaxy?!! _____________________________ Yes, we are. It's part of the Earthling's Handbook; didn't you get a copy? The majority of other galaxies are moving away from us. (One notable exception is the Andromeda Galaxy; our Milky Way will probably collide with Andromeda in about 4 billion years or so.) Curiously, the farther away from us a galaxy is, the faster it seems to be receding! The relationship is called "Hubble's Law" for the man who figured it out, Edwin Hubble. (The Hubble Space Telescope is named in his honor.)
There is no galaxy called the Hubble Galaxy
Hubble
andromeda and milky way (us) maybe moving in the same direction but the milky way is the smaller and 'lighter' so we may be moving faster than the 'bulky' andromeda galaxy hence why there is a strongly suggested theory that we may collide but not in our lifetime. hope this helps
Basically, the same characteristics that the stars in the Milky Way - our own galaxy - have. Aside from the fact that Andromeda is somewhat bigger, the two galaxies are thought by astronomers to be very much alike. When Edwin Hubble studied the Andromeda Galaxy in the early 20th century, he was able to discern within it several "Cephid variable" stars, which proved, among other things, that Andreomeda was a galaxy, like ours. Prior to that time, it was believed that the Milky Way was the only galaxy - the others were "clouds".
Hubble did not discover that there were other galaxies; that had been discovered earlier. But Hubble was the first to demonstrate that the more distant another galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us. Edit: I'm not sure that's right. Hubble was surely the first to prove that a "spiral nebula" was too far away to be in the Milky Way. That nebula is what we now call the "Andromeda galaxy". I know that Slipher and others did important earlier work on red shifts, but I'm pretty sure Hubble did discover that other galaxies existed.
were part of a galaxy?!! _____________________________ Yes, we are. It's part of the Earthling's Handbook; didn't you get a copy? The majority of other galaxies are moving away from us. (One notable exception is the Andromeda Galaxy; our Milky Way will probably collide with Andromeda in about 4 billion years or so.) Curiously, the farther away from us a galaxy is, the faster it seems to be receding! The relationship is called "Hubble's Law" for the man who figured it out, Edwin Hubble. (The Hubble Space Telescope is named in his honor.)
According to Hubble's Law, the farther away a galaxy is the, faster it is moving away
a telescopeIn 1925, Edwin Hubble discover cepheid variable(s) in what we now call the Andromeda Galaxy. From those he could tell that the group of stars was too far away to be part of the Milky Way. It was the first proof that other galaxies exist.