How did Iraq become a state?

Answer 1

The modern country of Iraq is a result of the British Empire and how the territories of the Ottoman Empire were divided after World War I. In 1919, the British established the Class A Mandate for Iraq. The British installed a Hashemite monarchy in Iraq and the country was given nominal independence in 1932, but British troops were still stationed in the country. In 1941, Iraqi Arab Nationalist leaders (Rashid al-Gaylani and the Golden Square) ejected the British and the Iraqi Hashemite monarchy for short while, before they both returned later in the year. In 1947, British troops began their withdrawal, which finalized in 1954.

The monarchy was overthrown in 1958 by General Abd el-Karim Qasim who ruled Iraq completely independently of the British for the first time in Iraq's history. Iraq was ruled by military generals like Qasim until 1968. At that point, the Ba'athists led by Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr performed a coup d'état and established the Ba'athist Iraqi State, which was first ruled by al-Bakr and then by his lieutenant Saddam Hussein. Saddam Hussein ruled Iraq until 2003, when he was removed by the US-led Coalition and current Republic of Iraq was instated in 2006. Iraq is currently considered a failed state by many in political circles since the Shiite-majority government does not effectively exert control over both the Kurdish Regional Government in the North and the Islamic State Government in the northwest.