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A widely accepted tradition is that the apostle Peter travelled to Rome and led the Christian community there, becoming the first bishop of Rome and therefore first pope. Peter appointed Linus as his successor as bishop of Rome, and there was then a continuous line of bishops right down to the present day. However, this is no longer the way most scholars, including Catholic scholars, see it.

Francis A. Sullivan SJ (From Apostles to Bishops) says that it is the consensus of scholars that the church of Rome was led by a college of presbyters, rather than a single bishop, for at least several decades of the second century. Perhaps Pius I (c. 140-157) or Anicetus (c. 157-168) was the first bishop of Rome, but neither bishop could really have known whether Peter had ever visited Rome a century earlier. It is likely that Pope Anicetus decided where both Peter and Paul were buried in Rome.

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