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Generally speaking, the Amazigh (proper term for Berber) in the lowland and coastal areas capitulated relatively quickly to the Arab Muslim Armies and converted to Islam, in order to participate in the the booty collection from future conquests. This allowed the Arab Muslim Armies to be bolstered at each point of conquest and would eventually allow there to be a conquering force large enough to conquer Spain in the 8th century. It was the lack of battles in key Amazigh lowland and coastal regions that allowed Islam to continue to expand westward.

However, the Amazigh who lived in the Atlas Mountains or further in the Sahara militarily resisted the Arab Muslims for centuries. This centralized Arab control of these countries in the lowland regions because the superior mountain positions could not be taken. For example, this is why all four of Morocco's historic capitals, Rabat, Fez, Meknes, and Marrakesh, are in lowland areas and not anywhere near the Atlas Mountains. Similarly, almost all settlement by Arabs in Algeria is within 50 kilometers of the coast. If the Amazigh in the more remote areas did not resist Arab Muslims, they would have been culturally assimilated to the degree where they would no longer have retained a distinct Amazigh identity, in much the same way that Muslim Mesopotamians and Muslim Levantines lack a distinct ethnic identity - e.g. they are Arabs.

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