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The goldrushes helped bring improvements in transportation in Australia.

The famous "Cobb and Co Coaches" ran successfully for half a century, thanks to the goldrush. Cobb & Co was a passenger and goods transport company which operated from 1853. It had an extensive network of travel routes throughout Victoria and New South Wales (beginning initially on the Victorian goldfields), and even southern Queensland. The company imported specially sprung coaches that could handle Australia's rough roads, and horses were changed at stations along the route.

Steam trains were developed from the 1850s onwards, so railways also began to be built and opened as demand for reliable transportation increased. Train lines were built, linking the major centres, and roadways were improved. Horse-drawn trams were initially used in some areas, until steam-driven and electric trams were brought in during the late 1800s.

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