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Ronald Reagan
It began in the 1940s at the start of the Cold War.
Mutual Assured Destruction and proxy wars.
mutual assured destruction, espionage, detente.
It ensures (hopefully) that both nations are too frightened to launch their nuclear munitions.
If you try to blow me up I will blow you up. Nobody wins, so don't try.
MAD - Mutual Assured Destruction
The level of nuclear weapons required to completely destroy both sides in any war making use of such weapons.
Mutual Assured Destruction was the military posture for most of the Cold War (1945-1991). It was the concept that neither of the superpowers, the US or the USSR could use nuclear weapons to wipe out the other, because the result would be that both sides were destroyed. To that end, both countries built increasingly large and diverse stockpiles of bombers, missiles, ships, and submarines to insure that a first strike would not prevent retaliation. Each side had to be aware of the other's potential and have the ability to counteract any destabilizing technology. With orbital launchers and anti-ballistic missiles banned, eventually the number of nuclear warheads reached a plateau, and both sides agreed to limitation (SALT) and then to reduction (START), which was underway when the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 finally meant a general relaxation in the dangerous stalemate.
Massive Retaliation
MAD, Mutual Assured Destruction, didn't actually prevent war, there were numerous small wars that were paid for by either the US or the USSR. What MAD did was make nuclear war unthinkable to any sane person. If one of the nuclear club had launched their missiles it would have caused instant retribution with enough atomic munitions to kill the population of the earth several times over. It made it so nuclear war was a no win scenario. A good resource for this is the movie, "War Games".
Mutual assured destruction