Rutherfords gold foil experiment demonstrated the existence of the nucleus and lead to the model of a positive nucleus surrounded by electrons. This model was further developed by Bohr and then by Schroedinger and others to become the quantum mechanical model we now have with electrons in orbitals around the central positively charged nucleus..
scientific method used in the development of atomic theory
The electron cloud
John Dalton did not have experimental evidence to support his theory of the atom when he proposed it in the early 19th century. His atomic theory was based on observational patterns rather than direct experimental data.
John Dalton revived the atomic theory in 1803 by proposing that elements were made up of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. He also outlined basic principles of atomic theory and provided experimental evidence to support his ideas.
Arthur Compton made significant contributions to the atomic theory by discovering the Compton effect, which provided experimental evidence for the particle nature of light. This discovery helped establish the understanding that light can behave as both a wave and a particle, which was fundamental to the development of quantum mechanics.
The gap between Thomson's work on the electron and Dalton's work on atomic theory can be attributed to advancements in experimental techniques and theoretical understanding. Thomson's discovery of the electron in the late 19th century provided the foundation for understanding the subatomic world, which set the stage for Dalton's work on atomic theory in the early 19th century. Additionally, the development of chemistry as a science and the accumulation of experimental evidence over time allowed for a more comprehensive understanding of atomic structure and behavior.
Democritus' ideas were not useful in a scientific sense at the time because they were not supported by empirical evidence and lacked experimental verification. Additionally, his atomic theory was an abstract concept that was not mathematically or experimentally testable with the technology available in his era. It wasn't until much later, with advancements in technology and the development of modern physics, that atomic theory was revisited and eventually validated.
I think it was that he theorized that when a new substance is made, the elemnts didn't change the atoms just rearranged. I'm not certain though. Galileo is more known for his research on planets.
Philipp Lenard made contributions to understanding the photoelectric effect, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1905. However, he did not contribute significantly to the development of the atomic theory. His work focused more on experimental physics and electron behavior rather than atomic structure.
Rutherfords gold foil experiment demonstrated the existence of the nucleus and lead to the model of a positive nucleus surrounded by electrons. This model was further developed by Bohr and then by Schroedinger and others to become the quantum mechanical model we now have with electrons in orbitals around the central positively charged nucleus..
Instead of just stating his own personal opinions John Dalton cited evidence to support his atomic theory. The giving of evidence - which could be proved or disproved by others - was what soon resulted in his theory being accepted by scientists.
Charles-Augustin de Coulomb contributed to the development of atomic theory by conducting experiments that established the law of electrostatic attraction and repulsion between charged particles. His work provided evidence for the existence of discrete charged particles, which was a fundamental concept in the development of atomic theory.