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Prior to WWI, belligerents observed "Prize" or "Cruiser" rules, which stated that the ship couldn't sink a passenger ship, only a merchant vessel of an enemy nation, and that the crew/passengers aboard any vessel must be clear and safe before it was sunk. These rules were from the days of sailing vessels, and with WWI and the advent of submarine warfare and modern weapons, it didn't take long to determine that those rules were obsolete. This was essentially the basis for Germany's initial submarine warfare policy.

Though Germany initially tried to comply with Prize Rules, as WWI submarine warfare progressed, it became apparent that those rules were outdated and even dangerous. With its practice of warning ships and allowing passengers and crew to leave prior to sinking, it meant that the attacking submarine would be a sitting duck to any enemy vessels or aircraft. The ship's crew only needed to summon military assistance by radio, and the passengers and crew could take their time to evacuate the ship, giving time for aid to arrive.

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Q: How did submarines change naval warfare in ww1 from what had been experienced?
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