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The church of Rome is respected because Rome is the seat of the pope, who as leader of the Catholic Church enjoys the respect of all Catholics. But this was not always so. For much of Catholic history, neither the church of Rome nor the pope was respected by all Catholics. At times, the pope was reviled and the church of Rome merely feared or tolerated.

John W. O'Malley SJ (A History of the Popes) says that the pontificate of Pope Pius IX marked the beginning of an almost defining characteristic of Catholics today, a sense of personal relationship with the pope and an obligation to be "loyal" to the pope and to his every word and gesture.

Catholic AnswerIf by "Church of Rome" you are referring to the Catholic Church, then it came to be so respected simple because it is the only Church that was founded by Our Blessed Lord, Jesus Christ, Himself, and guaranteed by Him until the end of the world. In addition, He sent the Holy Spirit to "guide it always." If, by Church of Rome, you are referring to the particular Church which is actually the Diocese of Rome, then, obviously, because it is headed by the Successor of St. Peter, the Holy Father, Himself.
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Q: How did the Church of Rome come to be so respected?
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