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The Enlightenment started at the end of the very bloody Thirty Years war and English Civil war. "Elite thinkers" said that by using logic and reason, violence like these wars could be avoided. What got these ideas circulating, and therefore truly starting the Enlightenment, was Francis Bacon's "Novum Organum". From there, things progressed on their own, encouraging things like logic, the use of the scientific method, and rationalism. Because it could not be rationally explained, religion was practically banned from open public discussions. If you are an extremist, you could say that the Enlightenment caused Atheism. The Enlightenment also advocated the idea of public knowledge, therefore things like the printing press helped to encourage the spread of ideas quickly.

Ironically, the Enlightenment ended with the French Revolution. The French, using Enlightenment ideals, decided to overthrow their government, which resulted in a blood-lust from the peasants, which not only overthrew the government, but basically eradicated it. The Enlightenment caused an almost barbaric type of violence that it was created to prevent. People then realized that their ideas could have been misinterpreted and, so, the Enlightenment ended.

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