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Q: How did the Greek use geography to fight in the Persian war?
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Who started the science of geography?

The ancient Greek scholar, Eratosthenes, is often credited as the father of geography. He was the first person to use the term "geography" and made significant contributions to the field by creating the first world map and calculating the Earth's circumference.


Where was the Persian army helped by a greek traitor?

The battle of Thermopylae where Persian forces were able to use a little known mountain trail to outflank the Greeks during the battle .


Were the Greeks use of their own geography the key to their succes in the Persian wars?

Their success came from superior strategy and tactics. Geography is just one part of this. The first step was to destroy Persian sea power, which they did at Salamis. Then it was land power which they effected at Plataia.On the geographical side:They used the narrow waterways on either side of the island of Psytallia to channel and split the Persian fleet which they then defeated in detail.At Plataia they kept to the broken ground to neutralise the Persian cavalry, and were able to defeat the inferior and unsupported Persian infantry.


Who is credited as the first person to use the word geography?

The first person to use the word geography was Eratosthenes. Eratosthenes was a Greek scholar and chief librarian of the Library of Alexandria. He invented geography including most of the terminology still in use.


How did Salamis war lead to the Plataea war?

These were not wars - they were two battles in the Persian invasion of Greece 480-479 BCE. The Persian plan was to threaten the Greek cities with amphibious invasion so that they would have to keep their armies at home to protect their own cities. This would enable the Persian army to pick off the cities one by one. Some of the Greek city-states sided with Persia. The southern ones formed an alliance to resist. Their plan was to defeat the Persian navy first so that the sea threat to their cities was ended and they could then send out their armies to combine against the Persian army. Their combined navy could also cut the Persian supply fleet from Asia on which the Persian army depended. The Greek plan began with holding the pass at Thermopylae to force the Persian navy to try to turn the position by sea to let the Persian army advance into southern Greece. The Greek fleet was stationed nearby at the Artemesion strait, waiting to pounce. Unfortunately for the Greek coalition they lost this sea battle of Artemesion and had to withdraw south to try Plan B which was to defeat the Persian fleet at Salamis. The force at Thermopylae, having no further use, was withdrawn, covered by the Spartan and Thespian contingents who sacrificed themselves to let the others get away. The Greek fleet engaged the Persian fleet again in the strait at Salamis and won this time. With the coming winter the Persian army had to withdraw to northern Greece to find sustenance for its soldiers and horses. As well, the remnant of its fleet had to withdraw back to safety in Asia Minor, and with the supply fleet unable to operate without its protection, half the Persian army had to return to Asia. In the spring of the next year (479 BCE) the Greek cities, no longer threatened by the Persian navy, were able to send out their armies to combine to defeat the half-strength Persian army and its Greek allies at Plataea, winning a victory which ended the invasion. The Greek fleet simultaneously captured the rump of the Persian navy at Mycale in Asia Minor.


Mountains along Irans border with Iraq and the Persian?

Zagros Mountains define much of Iran's border with Iraq. In the north, the Alborz Mountains run along the Caspian Sea, separating Iran from the Persian countries. These mountain ranges have influenced the geography and climate of the region for centuries.


What were the consequnce of the Persian war?

The war ended when the Persians agreed to stay away from the Greek city-states in the eastern Mediterranean. This left the Greek cities free to return to their usual activities fighting each other. Athens was in a strong position as it turned the Delian League formed to fight the Persian Empire into an empire of its own. Athens used this empire and its financial resources to benefit itself, and further felt confident and free to use the military strength to interfere in the Greek cities outside its empire. This led to the Peloponnesian War against those cities led by Sparta. After 27 years of this war, the Greek world was devastated - a Persian-imposed peace would have been much kinder than this - and Athens was stripped of its empire, sinking to a second rate power.


Which Greek city-state rose to pre-eminence because of the Persian wars?

Athens opportunistically organise an anti-Persian league, provided most of its naval defence at the cost of the league members, and continued to collect and use that money to maintain that naval power which was used to dominate Greek affairs even after Persia agreed to peace.


Who is a father of geography?

The ancient Greek scholar, Eratosthenes, is often regarded as the "father of geography." He was one of the first people to use the term "Geography" and created a system of latitude and longitude. His work laid the foundation for many geographic principles still used today.


Did the Persian Empire use money?

Yes, the Persians picked up the convenient money habit from the territories they conquered - Babylon, Lydia and the Greek cities of Asia Minor.


Describe the difference between the Peloponnesian and Persian Wars?

Loss of the Persian War stopped Persian expansion into the Greek world. The Peloponnesian War so weakened the Greek world that it became an easy target for takeover by Macedonia, which was then able to harness the combined Macedonian-Greek forces to takeover the Persian Empire.


What tactics did the Persians use during the second Persian War?

First, bribing the Greek city-state aristocracy to side with them, and for those which didn't, an attempt at military suppression. The military strategy was to threaten the Greek city-states with naval attack, which made them keep their armies at home to protect their city. This was successful until the Greeks set about to destroy the Persian navy.