With the Persian threat still there, Sparta wanted to bring the Asian Greeks back to the mainland. Athens instead took the fight to the persians and organised a 200-city league for self protection. Cities gave either ships or money. Most took the easy way and gave money.
Athens maintained a large fleet with this money, and when peacewas agreek with Persia thirty years later, kept the money collections going, by force where necessary, and so established an empire. years
Athens led the Delian League against the Persian Empire in the later part of the war. After Persia agreed to peace, Athens turned the league of 180 city-states into an empire of its own.
It removed the Persian attempt to incorporate the Greek city-states into the Persian Empire.
The Greeks stood their ground and fought for their freedom against the Persians. Their victory caused the Greeks many lives.
Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire and converted it into an empire of his own, not to destroy the Persians but to convert them to Greek culture.
Persian War: a coalition of the southern Greek city-states versus an expeditionary force from Persia with its local Greek allies. Peloponnesian War: the Athenian league/empire versus a mainly Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.
It wasn't. Some of the most advanced culture developed in the Greek cities located within the Persian Empire.
The Persians decided that the Athenian victory would encourage all the Greeks to rise against them, and determined to bring all the Greek cities under control, by agreement or conquest. Some agreed , some resisted and the Persians invaded mainland Greece, culminating in the battles of Salamis, Plataea and Mycale. The Greco-Persians lasted from 499 to 449 BCE.
There were hundreds of Greek cities within the Persian Empire, and their mother cities in peninsular Greece helped them rise against their Persian overlords. The Persians decided to take over peninsular Greece and absorb it within the empire to stop this disruption to peace.
The Persians did not control Greece. They had scores of Greek city-states in Asia Minor within their empire.
The Persians Empire had Monarchy. The Greek city-states had Monarchy, Oligarchy, Tyranny, Democracy.
Marathon was not a war, it was one battle in a 50-year war between Persia and the Greek city-states. The most important battles were Salamis, Plataea and Mycale. The significance of Marathon is that it was the first time that the Persians were defeated, and this Athenian victory showed to the other Greek city states, after nine years of Persian victories, that the Persians could be beaten.
It demonstrated to the Greek city-states that the Persian Empire was not unstoppable. It gave the Athenians great confidence in their abilities. It conviced Persia that it needed to take over mainland Greece to stabilise the western part of its empire.
In 490BC when Pheidippedes, a Greek messenger, ran from the Battle of Marathon, to Athens to proclaim the Greek victory over the Persians