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The "Fever" was due to the Donation Land Claim Act of 1850, which amounted to free land to those who would live on and cultivate the land for four years, and thus the "Fever" infected many hard working folks.

The law was largely the result of Samuel R. Thurston, the Oregon territorial delegate to Congress. The act, which became law on September 27, 1850, granted 320 acres (1.3 km2) to every unmarried white male citizen eighteen or older, and 640 acres (2.6 km2) to every married couple, arriving in the Oregon Territory before December 1, 1850. In the case of a married couple, the husband and wife each owned half in their own name. The law was one of the first that allowed married women in the United States to hold property under their own name. Half-blood Native Americans were also eligible for the grant. A provision in the law granted half the amount to those who arrived after the 1850 deadline but before 1854. Claimants were required to live on the land and cultivate it for four years to own it outright.

640 acres is one square mile which is a large chunk of land to give to early pioneers.

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Q: How did the Oregon Pioneers get Oregon Fever?
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