By being the first to discover the sea routes to south-East Asia and because of that, being the first to establish trade contacts with the local rulers there.
By being the first to discover the sea routes to south-East Asia and because of that, being the first to establish trade contacts with the local rulers there.
dutch
dutch
By being the first to discover the sea routes to south-East Asia and because of that, being the first to establish trade contacts with the local rulers there.
By being the first to discover the sea routes to south-East Asia and because of that, being the first to establish trade contacts with the local rulers there.
100 years
military force
Dutch
Portugal lost control of the spice trade because of the Netherlands keeping them out of some of the best ports for spices.
Portuguese, Dutch then English
The Dutch And to a lesser degree the English.
The Portuguese were known for their sea power, however, they lacked the overall resources to truly conquer or control significant amounts of territory. This kept them on the fringe of Asian trade.