Answer 1
Islam teachings call for forgiveness, tolerance, equal human rights, non discrimination, non racism, justice, solidarity, truthfulness, and fairness. refer to question below.
Answer 2
It is unclear what the primary motivation for conversion to Islam was among the population of non-Muslims in the Muslim Empires. If they converted because of the teachings, well, then Answer 1 gives a very good account of what was attractive about Islam. However, there were multiple reasons to convert. A number of government and military positions were only open to Muslims, so any "social climber" would need to convert. The taxation regimen was different between Muslims and non-Muslims, and favorable to Muslims. In practice, the testimony in court of a Muslim was worth more than the testimony of a non-Muslim. Pogroms occurred rarely against the Jewish, Christian, and even minority schools of Islam, which would also precipitate conversion to the dominant religion. The open sale of wine and pork as well as the construction of new non-Muslim houses of worship was forbidden as was non-Muslim proselytization. The easy escape from this second-class status, was likely another reason why Islam appealed to conquered peoples.
Islam
Islam is based on the teachings of Muhammad.
Muslims treat all non-Muslims; irrelevant to their faiths; with tolerance, forgiveness, and mutual respect. This stems from the Islam teachings per Muslims holy book Quran and per prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) teachings. Muslims treat Christians and Jews and all non Muslims kindly and with tolerance so far they don't attack Muslims, they don't expel them from their lands and homes, and/or they don't fight them. Quran; Muslims holy book, and prophet Muhammad (PBUH) call for kind treatment and with tolerance with all non-Muslims. Muslims follow the Islam teachings that no compulsion in religion. They conquered land but never conquered people. It was their aim to free the will people and not to exploit them or exploit their resources. Refer to the example of Spain. Muslims transferred to Spain all kinds of development and technologies. Refer to questions below.
The message of Islam is based on Human nature. It aims at universal human brotherhood. It gives equal rights to all human beings. It teaches its followers to be just, caring, respectful, kind and sacrificing to all humans. The universal teachings of Islam appeal to the people so it grew rapidly.
it is the teachings of prophet
Quran and the 5 pillars of life
No Muslim woman is holy per Islam teachings
Yes, nothing per Islam teachings is against that.
It promoted islam but tolerated the culture, religion, and science of non-Muslim Apex
it promoted islam but tolerated the culture, religion, and science of the non-muslims
Islam.
Muhammad.