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Humanism promoted a focus on individual reason and critical thinking, encouraging people to question authority including that of the Church. This shift undermined the Church's absolute power by fostering ideas of secularism and human potential. The emphasis on human potential also led to a greater appreciation for secular education and knowledge, further diminishing the Church's monopoly on intellectual authority.
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It recognized the right of kingdoms to practice Protestantism.
So they could practice their religion freely
Papal power means power of the Pope. People lost faith in church and God because they could not reconcile why "their God" was allowing such a terrible disease to wipe out many communities across Europe of the time
Humanism did not spread as widely in England compared to other European countries due to the strong influence of the Protestant Reformation and the established power of the Church of England. The tensions between humanist ideas and religious doctrine, as well as the political and social upheavals during the Reformation period, limited the growth of humanism in England. Additionally, the focus on national identity and traditional values in England may have been a factor in the relatively lesser impact of humanism in the country.
Simony is sacrilege that consists in buying and selling what is spiritual in return for what is temporal. The classic example is Simon Magus (from which simony gets its name) trying to purchase from St. Peter the spiritual power derived from the imposition of hands and the invocation of the Holy Spirit (Acts 8:18). It is illicit by divine law natural law. How it might impact a country's political power and thus weaken the Church's politicalinfluence would depend entirely on the circumstances, and the type of simony involved.
which emperors reign marked the high point of the tang power
The Crusades weakened the feudal nobility and increased the power of kings.
In the late 1300's early 1400's the church found itself challenged by the men returning from the crusades with new ideas. One of these was Neoplatonic thinking that said man could communicate with God without the church. This idea took all the power away from the church and they did everything they could to hold on to the power they had for a 1000 years. Michelangelo's painting in the Sistine chapel reflects the new thinking with man touching the hand of God. This resulted in a turning away from the divine to the importance of human needs and to humanism that affirms the ability of man to lead ethical lives and to aspire for a greater good without the church telling them they had to do what they were told or else be in sin.
A statement reflecting humanism might be: "Humanism values the worth and dignity of every individual, encourages critical thinking and compassion, and promotes the idea that humans have the power to improve society and create positive change through reason and ethics."