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How did they get Colossus to work without software computer wise?
Wiki User
∙ 6y ago
Both Colossus and ENIAC were programmed by rewiring them and setting switches. The concept of storing a program in memory as coded numeric instructions did not yet exist.
All computing machines of the time were either programmed this way or by reading instructions from punched tape. Reading instructions from punched tape was OK for electromechanical machines (e.g. Harvard Mark I) but much too slow for the high speed all electronic machines (i.e. Colossus and ENIAC) that operated at speeds of many thousands of operations per second. The idea of storing a program in memory came up while building ENIAC, but was not acted on until after the end of the war.Also the memory technology available at the time had neither the capacity nor the speed needed to make it suitable for storing programs.
Colossus read its data from punched tape as fast as was possible to read it without having the paper shred itself (5000 characters per second) and the Mark II version used a 5 level deep pipeline allowing the machine to process 25000 characters per second with parallel processing methods.
The first computer to use a program stored in memory was the Manchester Baby built in 1948, but its memory was only 32 words of 32 bits each made with a CRT DRAM called a "William's Tube". This machine was a proof of concept prototype that led to later more powerful computers.
Wiki User
∙ 6y ago
Wiki User
∙ 6y agoIt was done by punching holes in paper tape. Colossus used thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) and performed Boolean and counting operations.
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