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making deals with party bosses
corruption or graft
political bosses
knk
yes.
Bosses and political machines controlled the city governments using intimidation. Assainations happened and labor unions formed to control the local governments.
Reformers went after political machines and corrupt bosses. They were opposed to monopolies of city government services. They sought city managers and wanted the public to own utilities.
Lower tariffs on taxpayers
The Civil Service reformers were Democrats who demanded competitive examinations to create and honest civil service, that would exclude immigrants and political bosses.
Political Bosses and Machines were the backbone of the gilded age. They held down reformers for big business and improved the living conditions (not working conditions) of immigrants (all in exchange for votes of course), and then the cycle would repeat because of the massive influx of immigrants to America.
Elected officials, poor immigrants, machine bosses