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Acidic ground water (rain-water that has absorbed atmospheric carbon dioxide to form carbonic acid) dissolving the limestone as it flows through the joints & other discontinuities in the rock mass.
Acidic ground water (rain-water that has absorbed atmospheric carbon dioxide to form carbonic acid) forms caves by dissolving the limestone as it flows through the joints & other discontinuities in the rock mass.
ground water
As i fell ground water is the purest form of water. As rain water may consist bad Bacteria but ground water does not as it is purified by the ground.
Right - rain absorns atmospheric CO2 to become slightly acid. When this water percolates through discontinuities in limestone, the rock is dissolved by this carbonic acid (an example of chemical weathering), and over time the conduits this creates enlarge and coalesce to form caves.
Limestone is formed in caves through a process called cave formation or speleogenesis. This occurs when water containing dissolved minerals, like calcium carbonate, seeps through cracks in the rock and evaporates, leaving behind deposits of limestone. Over time, these deposits can accumulate to form intricate cave structures.
Same way as any stalactites in any karst caves form: precipitation of calcium carbonate from solution in ground-water.
They don't! Deposits don't form caves, but limestone is a sedimentary rock formed from marine or lacustrine deposits. Caves form within limestone by dissolution of its calcium carbonate by ground-water flowing through the rock's joints, bedding-planes and faults.
Caves
Acidic ground water (rain-water that has absorbed atmospheric carbon dioxide to form carbonic acid) dissolving the limestone as it flows through the joints & other discontinuities in the rock mass.
Acidic ground water (rain-water that has absorbed atmospheric carbon dioxide to form carbonic acid) forms caves by dissolving the limestone as it flows through the joints & other discontinuities in the rock mass.
Solution caves form when acidic groundwater dissolves soluble rock, such as limestone or gypsum, creating underground voids over time. As the rock is dissolved, it forms a network of passages and chambers that can eventually lead to the formation of a cave system. Factors like water flow, mineral content, and geological conditions influence the size and shape of solution caves.
Acids reacts with bases to form a salt and water.
Do they though. I don't dismiss the possibility of micro-organisms that may corrode limestone, and microbes certainly help form soil acids that will contribute to the acidity of ground-water hence its aggressivity in contact with carbonate rocks; but I find the blanket assertion very hard to accept. Please cite your sources. The bulk of rock removal in caves is by chemical weathering by carbonic acid: rain-water that has absorbed atmospheric CO2. Soil acids will contribute and these organic acids are fermentation products, but I would not regard the micro-organisms responsible as extremophiles. My disbelief is compounded by your own question, because if you have proven evidence or can cite papers on microbial karst processes, you would not need to ask after such a assertive statement. You would know!
Limestone caves are formed through a process called karstification, where rainwater picks up carbon dioxide from the air and soil, creating a weak carbonic acid. This acidic water dissolves the limestone rock over time, creating underground cavities and passages. As the water drains away, it leaves behind caves and unique formations such as stalactites and stalagmites.
Halogens acids doesn't react with water; they form a solution.
What kind of ions does a base release in a water solution?