How do astronauts go outside of the ship?

Answer 1

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The astronauts wear a spacesuit to go out into space with a supply or air and water. But first, they enter an airlock. That is a compartment that has a door to the inside and a door to the outside of the ship. This is what allows them to exit safely. The inside door opens and they get into the airlock. It then closes and the air gets pumped out or "evacuated" from the airlock. Once the air is gone, the outer door opens and they can float outside into space. The airlock's purpose is to have and equal pressure between the two environments before moving from the pressurised cabin to the unpressurized void outside the ship. They return into the ship in just the opposite manner. The astronaut(s) enter the airlock, which is already a vacuum, close the door and wait until the pressure is matched to the ship's internal pressure. Then they just open the interior door and walk in and get out of that bulky spacesuit...