Where I live if the truck was manufactured with automatic slack adjusters you can NOT replace them with manual ones. Check with your local DOT you never know.
Yes there are slack adjusters on railroad cars. They work much like the automatic slack adjusters on large trucks, and do the same job
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The difference between manual and automatic slack adjusters is the way in which the brakes are adjusted. Automatic slack adjusters have sensors that do not let the brakes get too loose or too tight. Manual slack adjusters have to be adjusted by hand and can be set too tight in some cases.
Looking through FMCSR 393.47, the only requirement I see in there is that the effective length of a slack adjuster on each end of an axle must be the same.
Volvos have automatic slack adjusters, which are dangerous to manually adjust. If your brakes are so far out of whack you think you might have to screw with the slack adjusters, you really need a brake job. Usually the slack adjuster must be backed off before you can remount the brake drums. The do have to be adjusted manually to get at least some drag on the drums before you set them automatically.
Why? ASA's are an improvement over manuals, and eliminates periodic adjustments. Legally, if it came with ASA, you must keep them on and maintain them. Read your CMV book, if you are in this business, you better know it inside and out.
Illegal to do without being certified to work on air brake systems. This site's policies prohibit us from providing such answers. Your vehicle should have automatic slack adjusters... press the brake pedal all the way down a few times, and they should adjust on their own. That's all you can do legally.
No. You'll have two slack adjusters per axle, assuming it's using s-cam foundation brakes all around - disc brakes don't have slack adjusters.
half inch or less
Out of adjustment (manual slack adjusters) automatic slack adjusters inoperable leaky grease/oil seals worn/damaged linings drums worn over limit "a cam over situation" overheated brake can(s) inoperable poor air supply air leaks
You don't. They adjust automatically.