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The Harrier jet does this
No. Jet engines, by nature of their design, do not have a reverse function. To slow down, the pilot opens the flaps, reduces engine power, and deploys the airbrake.
The wheels along with the system is called Landing Gear. The Landing Gear can be retracted soon after take-off. Stationary landing gears slow the aircraft down.
Yes, which is why they use one.
A jet plane has "thrust reversers" which effectively fold the jet engine's thrust around to the front, and these are used at landing to slow the plane down quickly. They are not used, as far as I know, to push the plane backwards from a standing stop; I suspect they are not efficient enough to do that. Jet planes are usually "pushed back" from the gate by specially designed trucks. Propeller planes similarly have a mechanism for turning the propeller blades backward, to slow them down on landing; so I believe they can generally roll themselves backwards on the ground if required. Neither type of plane can fly backwards; the aerodynamics would be all wrong.
Retro rockets slowed the LM down to landing speed.
Slow down the Acceleration of free fall.
They use Arrestor Cables to catch the landing gear and slow the plane down.
Flaps and stats increase lift for takeoff and slow you down, for landing.
The sky does not move and you must be complete looney.
If all other things are equal the speed will increase.However. As with most thing this question is based on false hidden assumptions.In reality, 'diving' is just a loss of altitude by pitching the nose downwards, and most planes actually SLOW DOWN when they 'dive' because they throttle back significantly at the same time as they are making an approach to an airport for landing.
You start to slow down & get close to the ground then your landing gear comes out then you can land