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A country specialization on a particular lets say technological path can be due to historical hazard. There isn't actually no means to expalin why the process comes out and turns the country to be technologicaly specialized on something. The hazard may be driven by the government technological policy, while investing on what is know as public technology i.e fundamental research. Brazil example shows that the country hability to built planes today in a result of long time investment on the domain, collaboration and coperation with different high tech countries.

Once a technological pattern emerges on a particular domain, it will drive to the Schumpeterian innovation process known as grape of innovation. There is always an innovator acting as a first mover, then followers enter the market. As the number of followers increase, the cost to produce the same technology will be decreasing, so much that, it will be cheaper to create that particular technology in that country, this is how the country becomes specialized on it.

This explanation assumes that every country will specialize on a single think according to both its resource endowments and the capacity to leverage the cost of production for that technology. This is the same as the Ricardo specialization pattern.

Now why do I consider it to be a historical hazar. The reason is simple, the dynamic comparative advantage pattern of specialization shows that even country without lots of ressource can also specialize on high tech, watch Japan and get what I mean.

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Q: How do countries specialize?
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