If a possible tornado is seen by spotters or detected by radar a tornado warning is issued. The public is then informed of the warning via special TV and radio announcements, as well as through the internet. Some towns sound sirens that warn of a coming tornado.
Using Doppler radar and other tools, meteorologists try to warn people if there is a tornado or a risk of one. After a tornado, relief agencies often help clean up, rebuild, and provide temporary shelter if necessary.
Mostly using Doppler radar meteorologists can detect rotation in a thunderstorm, it is this rotation that can produce a tornado.
The wind speed of a tornado is inferred from the severity of the damage it inflicts.
Meteorologists rely largely on Doppler radar and eyewitness reports.
When a tornado warning means that a tornado has been spotted or detected or if a thunderstorm may produce a tornado at any moment.
The main tool meteorologists use is Doppler radar, which can detect a tornado or the rotation in a storm that can produce them. There are also spotters, who report sightings of tornadoes and other weather hazards.
To a limited degree yes. A tornado usually moves in the same direction as the storm that produces it. Additionally, it is well known among meteorologists that very strong tornadoes have a tendency to make left turns.
The main tool they uses was Doppler Radar. With that radar the meteorologists were able to detect rotation in the approaching thunderstorm and knew that it had the potential to produce a tornado 17 minutes before the tornado itself even formed. This was rather fortunate, as the tornado itself touched down only two minutes before it entered Joplin.
There are two primary ways. First is Doppler radar, which measures winds moving toward and away from the radar to detect features in a storm that can produce a tornado, and sometimes the signature of the tornado itself. Then, by simply looking at where the storm is going they can warn places in the potential path. However, radar cannot determine if a tornado has actually touched down, and can occasionally miss a tornado. For this reason there are storm spotters. These are people who report severe weather such as tornadoes to authorities. Through such reports meteorologists (weather scientists) can gain a better idea of the potential threat.
Meteorologists and engineers look at the aftermath to determine the intensity of the winds. It is possible to get a rough idea of how strong a tornado is by how fast its rotating.
Meteorologists knew that severe thunderstorms were possible and that some might produce tornadoes and so issued a severe thunderstorm watch. They did not include any mention of tornadoes in the forecast as they clung to the notion still prevalent at the time that forecasting tornadoes would start a panic. As a result the people were not warned of the Worcester tornado.
Currently average warning time is close to 15 minutes before a tornado strikes. Sometimes there is over an hour of warning, while other times a tornado strikes with no warning.