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A "core" is all the circuitry needed for one CPU. Early processors like 8080A, Z80, 6502, 8088, 68000 and so on contained one core per package. If you wanted to build a multiprocessor computer with single-core chips, you had to put multiple chips in the machine. Apple made a few of them, but not very many people bought them because only a few programs could use multiprocessing. Photoshop has supported multiprocessing for a long time, so most of the people who bought those machines were serious Photoshop pros.

The "multiple core" processors they sell today are made with multiple CPUs in the same package. To get the multicore feature to work, they wrote support for it into the operating system, and now all programs can use it.

A CPU's hertz is clocked by multiplying a reference frequency from a crystal oscillator. You might have a 3GHz chip, say, but there's no way in the world you'd want 3GHz radio frequency running around inside your computer - microwave and near-microwave frequencies are REAL picky about the circuits they're in. If you didn't have an expansion board shoved all the way in, you could wind up jamming all the satellite dishes in your neighborhood. But in the CPU, which can be properly shielded, they're fine.

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Q: How do multiple core processors work and what process does the manufacturer use to clock the hertz?
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The most gaping advantage can be very easilly explained through example: Single core processors have a single thread, and can process a single set of instructions per clock cycle. This looks like this (Saying this processor can process 2 instructions a clock): (Note this is in an optimal setting where data is perfectly threaded) Clock 1: Instruction 1; Instruction 2; Clock 2: Instruction 3; Instruction 4; Clock 3: Instruction 5; Instruction 6; Clock 4: Instruction 7; Instruction 8; Dual-Core processing would do this same instruction set much quicker: Clock 1: Instruction 1; Instruction 2; Instruction 3; Instruction 4 Clock 2: Instruction 5; Instruction 6; Instruction 7; Instruction 8 In a perfectly threaded application, two equivilent-performance cores on a dual core processor would power through the work twice as quickly as a single-core model. A quad-core with these specs would do the entire instruction set in a single clock. Even if it isn't always a 2x increase, multiple-core procesors have a distinct advantage in a very large range of applications.


What advantages do dual core and quad core processors have over single core processors?

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