There are very few countries (about 40 of them) that have any way to register a copyright because registration is generally not necessary.
Under US laws, copyright registration is completely optional until the author or successor to the copyright wants to sue in federal court for infringement.
US copyright registration is accomplished by filling out an application, attaching a fee and the required number of copies (one or two) of the work for which the ownership registration is desired and waiting a few months for the certificate (or rejection) to arrive. Many registrations can be done using online forms and submission tools found at the link below.
Your country's copyright office.
yes
yes
So their ideas don't get stolen and passed off as someone else's.
Registration is not required for protection. If you wish to register anyway, you may do so through Access Copyright at the link below.
Works are protected by copyright as soon as they are "fixed." If you wish to register a work with the copyright office, you may do so.
It depends what country you are in.
No, but you can register it as a trademark.
Registering a Copyright OnlineYes, you can. Go to this website: http://www.copyright.gov/forms/ which is the Electronic Copyright Office.
To copyright quotes, you can include them in a larger work that you register for copyright protection. This will protect the quotes as part of the overall work. Additionally, you can also register individual quotes with the U.S. Copyright Office, but keep in mind that the quote must be original and meet the requirements for copyright protection.
You cannot copyright a business name, but you can register it as a trademark.
Works are automatically protected once they are fixed, but you can register your art with the copyright office if you wish.