The Giving of the Torah by God, because the Torah defines the Jewish religion.
Most people in the Middle East today practice Islam.
By learning the Torah and observing its mitzvoth (commands).
About 26,000.
Not very many people still practice it today. It's a dying religion and the cultural revolution in China didn't help it much. More people use it as a philosophy than a religion.
I have the same question. I think its Hinduism.
The people of New Jersey, like the rest of the US, practice many religions.
Each Jewish community has its Rabbi or Rabbis; there is (today) no central person.
Mostly Buddhism and Shamanism
Catholicism
Judaism is not a centralised religion and does not have a person who's the equivalent to the Pope. The title Rabbi means teacher and today Rabbis have a number of roles in Jewish life.
Shinto is the religion practised in Japan