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The use of silica gel can be interpreted in two ways. It well know that silica (SiO2) can adsorb water on its surface. If you use silica dryed under 400 °C, the process of adsorption occurs by the silanol group. So, molecules with a polar groups like hydroxil, amine, nitrilic ... can make chemical interactions with the silica surface and can be retained more time into a column. In this case the adsorption is chemical. But, if you use a deactived silica (~5% H2O), the H2O molecules make a layer into a silica surface and the main process occurs by partition chromatography.

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Q: How do silica gel works in adsorption column chromatography?
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