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All test equipment has to be calibrated. It is calibrated when it comes from the manufacturer but depending on how much the test equipment is used recalibration is usually recommended.
Because two diodes is not a transistor. There is an interaction between the junctions in the transistor, because of their proximity, that you don't get in the two diodes. The only use of modeling a transistor as two diodes back to back is to test a transistor with a multimeter as a quick go-nogo test for basic operability.
It depends on the meter. Generally they test amperage, voltage and resistance. Some also test diodes and and various other electrical properties. How it is done is called electrical theory and is far too large a subject to cover here.
The same as the function of analog multimeter, but with greater precision and accuracy.measure voltage (both DC and AC)measure current (both DC and AC)measure resistanceSome digital multimeters can also do other things:measure capacitancemeasure inductancemeasure frequencymeasure temperature remotely (usually using a thermocouple probe)measure current without breaking the circuit (using a clip on magnetic probe)test semiconductor devices (diodes, junction transistors, field effect transistors, etc.)AF and/or RF signal generatoretc.
Assuming the DMM is rated to test diodes (not all are), meaning that it presents more than forward drop voltage to the diode, a shorted diode will test nearly zero ohms, usually in both directions.
Set analogue multimeter to x 10 k ohm. Place the red probe to the cathode and the black probe to anode and you will get a low ohm reading. Now, reverse the probe and you will get some leakage reading. That leaking reading is what tells you this is a Schottky Barrier Diode.
All test equipment has to be calibrated. It is calibrated when it comes from the manufacturer but depending on how much the test equipment is used recalibration is usually recommended.
Because two diodes is not a transistor. There is an interaction between the junctions in the transistor, because of their proximity, that you don't get in the two diodes. The only use of modeling a transistor as two diodes back to back is to test a transistor with a multimeter as a quick go-nogo test for basic operability.
This is nearly impossible unless the digital multimeter has either:a built in capacitance meter functionan analog bargraphIt was actually much easier to do on the old style cheap analog multimeters with a needle using the ohms scale than it is on modern digital multimeters.
because it might output the wrong answer if not used in the right range/may be faulty/basically knowing its limitations
Reverse resistance should be infinite.
Digital multimeters (DMMs) These tools are very good for measuring specific values such as voltage, amperage, resistance and pulse width
It depends on the meter. Generally they test amperage, voltage and resistance. Some also test diodes and and various other electrical properties. How it is done is called electrical theory and is far too large a subject to cover here.
The same as the function of analog multimeter, but with greater precision and accuracy.measure voltage (both DC and AC)measure current (both DC and AC)measure resistanceSome digital multimeters can also do other things:measure capacitancemeasure inductancemeasure frequencymeasure temperature remotely (usually using a thermocouple probe)measure current without breaking the circuit (using a clip on magnetic probe)test semiconductor devices (diodes, junction transistors, field effect transistors, etc.)AF and/or RF signal generatoretc.
The same as the function of analog multimeter, but with greater precision and accuracy.measure voltage (both DC and AC)measure current (both DC and AC)measure resistanceSome digital multimeters can also do other things:measure capacitancemeasure inductancemeasure frequencymeasure temperature remotely (usually using a thermocouple probe)measure current without breaking the circuit (using a clip on magnetic probe)test semiconductor devices (diodes, junction transistors, field effect transistors, etc.)AF and/or RF signal generatoretc.
This can be quickly done with a multimeter in ohms or diode scale. Test EB & CB junctions as you would ordinary diodes and test CE for leakage both ways (there should be none).
There is no simple way to test FETs with either analog or digital multimeters. Bipolar transistors can be tested to see if their junctions are OK but they can also have failures that cannot be detected with a multimeter.