The only way to challenge fixed ideas is to identify the root cause of the idea in the person you wish to sway. Change the root cause and the fixed idea will modify.
The importance of challanging fixed ideas within a team is to allow comparison with potentially useful ideas.
James believed that Freud was obsessed with the idea of unconscious motivation, repressed memories, and the role of sexuality in psychology. He thought that Freud's emphasis on these factors overshadowed other important aspects of human experience.
Fixed ideas are ideas people have which are hard to change, often because most of the people around them share the same ideas. To be fighting fixed ideas is to try to change these ideas. Many people think that Christopher Columbus was fighting the fixed idea that the world was flat. Actually that is a fixed idea which is incorrect. Everyone knew the world was round and they also knew that it was so far from Spain to India (heading westwards) that you would run out of supplies before getting there. So here I am fighting the fixed idea that Columbus was fighting an incorrect fixed idea, when the fixed idea he was fighting was in fact correct.
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You cannot really say that Marcello Malpighi challenged ideas. The work that he did was ground breaking, so there was really no preformed ideas.
Ideas cannot be protected by copyright, only the original expression of those ideas, fixed in a tangible form, can be.
Tough one but start with trying to understand their reasons for believing that idea. Approach it with the idea that you just need to understand and not change. Identify the areas that are shaky ground and ask 'what would happen if this part was done in this way instead?'. Identify the benefits of the new ideas you have to replace the old ones but be sympathetic to them. Often fixed ideas are due to either a feeling of security in the existing process and fear of moving on or just not realising there is anoher way
You can't. The challenges have pre tuned cars from the career that are fixed in the challenges. But on PC versions you can hack the game and get your own cars in the challenge series.