Method: titration with a standardized solution of sodium (or potassium) hydroxide.
Hydrochloric acid can be either concentrated or dilute, depending on its specific concentration in water.
In concentration: up to (max.) 18 M = concentrated dilute = lower the 1 M
Any concentration is possible to be prepared; the concentrated acid has generally a concentration of 36,5 % (36,5 g HCl in 100 mL water solution).
Concentrated hydrochloric acid is more reactive than dilute hydrochloric acid. When concentrated hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium, it produces magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas more quickly and vigorously compared to when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium. This is due to the higher concentration of hydrogen ions in concentrated hydrochloric acid, leading to a faster and more intense reaction.
If you know for certain it's hydrochloric acid and nothing else, you could take the pH and determine the concentration from that.
1. In this case theoretical is a word without sense.2. Generally the concentrated hydrochloric acid has a concentration of 36,5 %, but - of course - other concentrations can be prepared.
The molarity of hydrochloric acid 36,5 % (concentrated acid) is 10 M.
Method: titration with a standardized solution of sodium (or potassium) hydroxide.
Concentrated hydrochloric acid is generally 36,5 (m/m)% HCl (gas) in water.
The formula of dilute hydrochloric acid is HCl
No. Even concentrated hydrochloric acid contains much water. Concentrated sulfuric acid, which can be completely anhydrous, is much more effective as dehydrating agent.
There is no definite pH of hydrochloric acid or any other substance. pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution which depends on both how strong an acid or base is and how concentrated it is (how much is dissolved in a given volume of water). Because hydrochloric acid is a strong acid the pH can be calculated as the negative logarithm (base 10) of its molar concentration up to a pH of 7.